The Kings Speech Essays

The Kings Speech Essays The Kings Speech Essay The Kings Speech Essay While The Kings Speech draws upon various verifiable realities and occasions, this isn't its essential concern. The film is about the impact of a person’s family on how the individual creates. For instance, in The Kings Speech, King George VI’s sibling relinquishing and his father’s remorselessness had an influence in his stammer and absence of certainty. The film is likewise about the significance of a protected emotionally supportive network, for instance Queen Elizabeth and Lionel Logue were Berties emotionally supportive network and they helped him beat his stammer and absence of confidence.A third significant issue in the film is about the diverse way to deal with class differentiation by British and Australian individuals, as appeared by the desires for Bertie and Queen Elizabeth that Lionel Logue will do anything they desired and Lionel Logues emphasis on chipping away at his own terms. At long last, the film is about how an individual can dive profound in to their own character to improve as an individual and in Berties case, a superior King. He defeated his discourse obstruction, outrage and certainty issues to demonstrate to himself, his family and his nation that he was reasonable to be King.The impact of one’s family on how the individual creates is noteworthy. His father’s pitiless childhood and the joke got from his kin were a contributing variable to his absence of certainty as a youngster. For instance, Lionel asked Bertie: â€Å"Did David ever bother you? † â€Å"Oh yes obviously! Ber-ber-be-bertie. Father empowered it. He said ‘GET IT OUT BOY’. Said it would make me stop. I feared my dad, and my kids are damn well going to fear me! ’† (The Kings Speech, 2010).Also, being compelled to utilize his correct hand when he was normally left-gave and wearing metal braces for thumped knees likewise added to his modesty, which made him build up a stammer. When growing up, it is critical to have a solid emotionally supportive network and without one, the impact on a people certainty can be annihilating. In Berties case, it caused his stammer. Bertie’s sibling relinquishing put much more focus on him and exacerbated the stammer: Bertie conversing with Edward about abandoning, says â€Å"That is awful thing to hear. No one needs to hear that, me least of all† (Hooper, 2010).Also, â€Å"I am not a King, I am a maritime official. I’m not a lord, I’m not a king† (The Kings Speech, 2010). The mental impact his sibling resigning had on him, was sufficient to send him back to Logue for more treatment. Bertie was lucky to find that his better half, Elizabeth, gave him the adoration and bolster he didn't get from his own family. She was his spine. Toward the beginning of the film, when George had surrendered and he said â€Å"promise me, no more† (The Kings Speech, 2010), she trusted in him and realized she needed to continue attempt ing to locate the ideal individual to help him.It was distinctly through her endeavors, that they discovered Logue. All through the film, at whatever point George was giving a discourse, she would be there on the side of him. â€Å"I’m sure you’ll do great† (The Kings Speech, 2010) were her inspirational statements before Berties last discourse on the war against Germany in the film. The affection and support of a people accomplice can enable the individual to accomplish incredible things. The way that Logue was Australian was likewise a significant component to aiding Bertie conquer his difficulties.The way to deal with class differentiation of Australians is diverse to the methodology of British individuals. English individuals accept emphatically in social progressive system. Being Queen, Elzabeths exclusive requirements rotate around deferentialness and full participation of the subject. The laid back character of an Australian is to treat everybody with fai rness and treat everyone as themselves. These two characters conflict when Elizabeth comes to Logue for help. She anticipates that Logue should do what she needs and is somewhat shocked by how casual he is: Logue to Elizabeth We have to have your hubby pop byHe can give me his own subtleties, Ill make a straight to the point evaluation and afterward well take it from that point. I dont have a hubby, we dont pop and nor do we ever discuss our private lives. No you should come to us (The Kings Speech, 2010). Logue declines her interest so she utilizes and consider the possibility that my better half were the Duke of York. (The Kings Speech, 2010) yet Logue remains by his principles and Logue demands her better half to him: for my technique to work, I need trust and absolute uniformity. Here in the wellbeing of my conference room.No exemptions (The Kings Speech, 2010). From the start, this distinction of class made it hard to frame an ordinary connection between the pair. For instance, Bertie to the Archbishop: â€Å"Lionel will be situated in the lords box† â€Å"But individuals from your family will be situated there sir! † (The Kings Speech, 2010). The awe of the Archbishop when Bertie mentioned for Logue to be situated in the Kings box shows that the relationship was abnormal. Class qualification influenced Logues treatment of Bertie.On one side, Logue ought to be aware and comply with the Kings solicitation to keep this a carefully business relationship, however then again if Logue somehow managed to help and instruct Bertie to beat his discourse, outrage and certainty issues, they must be rises to. Demands, for example, being advised not to sit excessively close or when one is talking with the Prince, one trusts that the Prince will pick the subject was impossible if Logue was going to fix George. â€Å"In here it’s better if we’re equals† (The Kings Speech, 2010). Bertie can't help contradicting Lionel and states: â€Å" If we were rises to, I’d be home with my significant other, and nobody would give a damn† (The Kings Speech, 2010).It would have been substantially more hard for a British language teacher to help Bertie the manner in which Logue did on the grounds that a British individual would not have had the option to beat the class contrasts the manner in which Logue could. At long last, the film demonstrates that conquering difficulty helped George to be a superior individual and a superior King. This is on the grounds that the troubles of defeating something that had kept him prisoner from an exceptionally youthful age and the certainty he found in doing this, gave him something in the same manner as the British subjects, who were battling when World War Two started.His outrage left and he became more grounded and increasingly sure. The principle inspiration for George to beat his stammer was to demonstrate to himself, his family and his country that he was fit to be King. The K ings Speech utilizes the authentic story of King George VI to delineate significant issues that influence all individuals: the requirement for a steady family, the adoration and backing of a decent accomplice, the capacity of individuals to fix issues when they set aside class differentiations and what can be accomplished when an individual dives profound into their own character to defeat difficulty. It is a moving film. The Kings Speech Essays The Kings Speech Paper The Kings Speech Paper The Kings Speech, coordinated by Tom Hooper, Is a British square delivered In 2010. The film Illustrates the tale of Bertie, later delegated King George VI, and his stammer pain. It follows Berths wifes interest to support her significant other, utilizing Lionel Loge, an Australian discourse pathologist, to help, and conceivably fix Bertie of his discourse condition. The Kings Speech unwinds the story of how two completely unfriendly characters end up the best of companions. Driving cinematographer, Danny Cohen, has utilized an assortment of camera shots, edges, development and lighting to enormously upgrade he change of the characters and the development of their kinship. Cohen opens the legends Introductory scene with a wide shot and terrible lighting to build up an awkward sensation for the watchers, permitting them to authenticity the nonattendance of trust and happiness Bertie has felt for an amazing duration. The cinematographer has situated the characters utilizing a topsy turvy strategy to set up the Minimal separation and distress felt among Lionel and Bertie. Situating the pair on either sides of the edge permits Bertie to be portrayed as frail and secluded. Cohen has guaranteed that Lionel is comparatively introduced marginally if-focus during the straight cut discussion piece, however the camera is situated at a lower point conceding a feeling of prevalence over Lionel. This shot and edge enhancement permits the crowd to encounter the disparity felt between the saints. The utilization of the off kilter strategy in the number one spot room approach further improves Berths enthusiastic imperative and adds to the separation between the characters during discussion. To upgrade the feeling of uneasiness and disengagement, Cohen has used an antagonistic lighting method out of sight of every one of the characters outlines. Bertie Is typically introduced against a somber divider, with neither fake nor normal light In support of himself, conveying his adversely and trouble. Be that as it may, the cinematographer presents Lionel against a jumbled, but out of center setting, with two counterfeit lights behind, and a night lookout window above, adding to his scattered but then sharp type of presentation. Moreover, this lighting variety further uncovered a feeling of anxiety in the midst of the pair. As the scene advances, Lionel demands Bertie to peruse a fragment of content with earphones on, to supplant the reverberation of his voice. Cohen has recorded this part utilizing a medium two shot, introducing both the characters inside the casing. The crowd is then presented to a delicate zoom upon the characters, alluding to the shaping association and conceivable establishment of their anticipated solidarity and the obscuring of social limits. Hooper guarantees that the change o

Cultural and Technical Metaphors Essay -- Language Linguistics

Social and Technical Metaphors Introduction Ordinary discussion is loaded with figurative analogies. Regularly, they go undiscovered by the speaker just as the audience. Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary characterizes an illustration as â€Å"a interesting expression in which a word or expression actually indicating one sort of item or thought is utilized instead of another to propose a resemblance or similarity between them (as in suffocating in money)† (Metaphor 1). Analogies are a speedy and straightforward method of relating a message without uncovering superfluous subtleties that would somehow or another cloud a definitive point. This is particularly valuable in fact related fields and subjects, for example, Information System Management (IS). Is liable for the administration of PCs, systems administration, and information that underpins various degrees of choices at various degrees of the authoritative chain of importance (What IS? 1). Indeed, even as the specialized elements of PC frameworks grow new and defini te complexities, regular clients, inexperienced with the intricate details of their specific framework, can successfully convey issues or worries to prepared experts. Correspondingly, specialists in the Information Technology (IT) field can disclose to clients how to deal with their frameworks utilizing heuristically tried illustrations, for example, â€Å"desktop† and â€Å"recycle bin† which have become standard language/utilization. Similarly as various fields of study embrace their own rundown of generally acknowledged illustrations, the utilization of representations crosses lines of culture and ethnicity also. Body Normal Metaphors Sitting around 400 miles south of the US terrain is the little island of Jamaica. Known for its delightful sea shores and clear waters, Jamaica has become an incredible traveling spot. It is additionally the origin... ... â€Å"Metaphor†. Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. 2006-2007. Merriam-Webster.com. 4 June 2007. â€Å"Rasta/Patios Jamaican Phrases and Proverbs†. 15 June 1997. Croal Islands Associates. 4 June 2007. â€Å"Renà © Descartes†. Wekepedia.com. 4 June 2007. Wekemedia Foundation Inc. 5 June 2007. â€Å"Songs of Freedom: The Music of Bob Marley as Transformative Education†. 2005. ReligiousEducation.net. 4 June 2007. â€Å"What is IS?†. Webopedia.com. 24 April 2007. Internet.com. 9 June 2007.

Essay on Black Readers of Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

The Enraged Black Readers of Their Eyes Were Watching God    Although Hurston's tale Their Eyes Were Watching God is a broadly perused novel today, that wasn't generally the situation. At the point when her novel was first distributed, many dark perusers were incensed. It wasn't until the mid seventies when Hurston's epic was rediscovered. What parts of the novel rankled the perusers with the goal that it would be overlooked for over thirty years?  One of the most significant parts of the novel that irritated the dark perusers was Hurston's depiction of the white individuals. Perusers griped that Hurston wasn't brutal enough in her investigate of the white individuals' treatment towards the dark individuals. As opposed to depicting whites as the cliché Simon Legree of Uncle Tom's Cabin-the perfect poor, bigot white junk- most whites that partake in the novel are oppositely extremely supportive towards the blacks and show extraordinary sympathy towards them too. For instance, when Janie starts her story we meet the Washburns. These are the white people for whom Nanny worked for and they are extremely useful towards both Nanny and Janie by regarding them as though they are a piece of the family. In opposition to a ton of whites at the time who regarded blacks as though they were still slaves, the Washburns treat both Nanny and Janie as people instead of slaves, indicating incredible regard and love. In a manner they are depicted as holy messengers who genuinely have faith in human correspondence and don't have the slightest bit of preference in them. Mah grandmother raised me. Mah grandmother and de white people she worked wid...They was quality white people up dere in West Florida. Named Washburn. She had four gran'chillun on de spot and we all played together... (8).  Moreover, by perusing Hurston's tale, one can unmistakably observe that all blacks place the whites on a platform of information. As indicated by the blacks of the novel, whites know it all and are in every case right; they are better and since blacks are assumed than be uninformed and inept, they ought to accept and do everything the whites state. For instance, Mrs. Turner expresses that she confides in just white specialists since dark specialists aren't as taught and talented as the white specialists. Try not to present to me no nigger specialist tuh hang over mah debilitated bed...White specialists consistently gits mah cash (135-136). Another model is the point at which the Indians are emptying the waste since they anticipate a major typhoon coming and the blacks don't clear expressing that since the whites aren't clearing there's no motivation to.

High Budget Deficit and the Growth Rate of the Economy Essay

High Budget Deficit and the Growth Rate of the Economy - Essay Example The country with high private sparing will balance the moderate shortage financing in a vastly improved manner to accommodate speculation capital fundamental for the development of economy. In this manner, for future monetary development national investment funds matter profoundly. National sparing is the proportion of the collection of monetary and other genuine resources additional time. Future national pay will to a great extent rely on this amassed supply of advantages. Tragically, shortage financing combined with nil or negative private sparing has made the national sparing negative. In this viewpoint, shortfall financing on a continued premise can't help US economy. Higher Interest Rates Macguineas (2011) contends that consistently expanding shortfall financing will apply upward weight on loan fees in this way expanding the expense of capital. Budgetary shortages are financed through government borrowings. At the point when government borrowings ascend to a significant level, t he legislature may bring to the table expanded loan fees with the goal that adequate purchasers are pulled in to purchase government obligation. Clearly, higher loan costs will in general retard the financial development rate. Higher Borrowing Leads to Higher Interest Payments Increasing borrowings quite a long time after year will require higher spending on obligation intrigue. Higher intrigue trouble destroys the profitable sending of the capital essential for the financial development. Therefore, the poor divisions, for example, instruction, wellbeing keep from the assets that are important to give catalyst to the economy. Guard Spending and Budgetary Deficit Korb et al. (2011) of the middle for American Progress (CAP) contend that guard spending has made the current monetary emergency. The specialists from the CAP accept that the enormous deficiency is the aftereffect of expanding safeguard spending plan during 2004 through 2012. It...This article offers an extensive survey of t he impacts, that the elevated levels of spending shortage practice on the monetary improvement of the nation, utilizing the case of the US. In 2011, it was the third consecutive year when the hole between American government's pay and spending stayed negative as much as $1 trillion or above. In rate terms, the shortfall is drifting at around 10 percent of total national output in most recent two years. This was causing genuine worries at a few quarters on taking off national obligation. The national sparing rate is significant for future monetary development and budgetary shortage has an immediate bearing on national sparing rate. Since last numerous years private sparing is pitiful in the US and in most recent few years it has gone even negative. With such a low/negative sparing, it is hard to get financial development and US efficiency at wanted rate. Regularly expanding deficiency financing will apply upward weight on loan fees in this manner expanding the expense of capital. Budgetary shortfalls are financed through government borrowings. At the point when government borrowings ascend to an elevated level, the legislature may bring to the table expanded financing costs with the goal that adequate purchasers are pulled in to purchase government obligation. Higher loan fees impedes the monetary development rate. It very well may be inferred that when the administration brings about obligation, it is essential to comprehend what government does with that cash. On the off chance that the cash are conveyed for beneficial purposes, it can absolutely help the economy of the present just as people in the future.

Success Quotes

Success Quotes “You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better than anyone else.” Albert EinsteinSuccess is a state of mind. If you want success, start thinking of yourself as a success. Dr. Brothers“Excellence is not a singular act, but a habit. You are what you repeatedly do.” Shaquille Oneal “The greatest barrier to success is the fear of failure.” Sven Goran Eriksson“Success is simple. Do whats right, the right way, at the right time.” Arnold H. Glasgow“Success is focusing the full power of all you are on what you have a burning desire to achieve.” Wilfred Peterson“Limitations live only in our minds. But if we use our imaginations, our possibilities become limitless.” Jamie Paolinetti“People have to really suffer before they can risk doing what they love.” Chuck Palahniuk“Success means having the courage, the determination, and the will to become the person you believe you were meant to be.” George Sheehan“Success is not the key to h appiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful.” Herman Cain“To succeed in life, you need two things: ignorance and confidence.” Mark Twain“Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you havent planted.” David Bly“To succeed you need to find something to hold on to, something to motivate you, something to inspire you.” Tony Dorsett“Every success is built on the ability to do better than good enough.”“There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.” Colin Powell“Lifes real failure is when you do not realize how close you were to success when you gave up.”“Success is largely a matter of holding on after others have let go.”“Some people dream of success while others wake up and work hard at it.”“The best way to succeed in this world is to act on the advice you give to others.”Do you know a good success quote? Pleas e add a comment!

Coming to Terms with the Past The Narrative Methods That Convey the Workings of Memory in Austerlitz and Extinction - Literature Essay Samples

Since 1945, German literature has met the challenge of evoking mental processing of past events by exploring by what means we access the past. As literature depends far more on individual production and reception than film and television, which are more communal, it has been relied upon as a corrective to official memory.[1] The literature of this period’s attitude towards memory’s fallibility and subjectivity is inextricably linked to the narrative methods authors use to evoke memory and reflection in their works. A well-known example is W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz, a novel which narrates the struggle of a man with a Jewish background who unconsciously represses the memories of his former life, and yet finds no healing in his quest to rediscover his identity. Interwoven with photographs, which Sebald uses as his protagonist’s prompt for reflection on memory, the narrative is punctuated by a visual-verbal dialectic[2] which contributes to the reader’s perception of the text’s authenticity. Similarly, the protagonist Franz Josef Murau of Thomas Bernhard’s final novel Auslà ¶schung (Extinction) uses family photographs and the technique of perspectivism to evoke his own reflections to enable to him to complete his Erinnerungsarbeit or memoir, a writing intended to efface his familial connection with the Austrian home he associates with ignorance, Nazism and cruelty. As neither texts are autobiographical, both can be said to additionally narratively deal with the question of ‘perpetrator literature’ and how best to represent the Nazi past and the horrors of the Holocaust in German literature, now faced with the extinction of living memory and the inadequacy of cultural memory. The workings of memory are explored in both texts through the importance of visual perception, most notably in the form of photographs, film and general media. A ‘hybrid of fiction and documentary’[3], Sebald’s decision to incorporate a series of black and white, somewhat blurry photographs into the narrative of Austerlitz at first glance serves to underpin the authenticity of the protagonist Austerlitz’s story. By illustrating the facts Austerlitz discovers about his unremembered past, the photographs add a sense of authenticity for readers of the novel, caused by our faith as readers in the legitimacy of visual evidence. However, the unreliability of photographs and their positioning in the narrative of Austerlitz as media which the protagonist interprets is used by Sebald to explore the workings of memory, with photographs conversely becoming a paradoxical obstacle on Austerlitz’s quest to uncover the truth of his past. The structural similarity b etween photograph and memory is outlined by Austerlitz; both are fleeting and deceptive: ‘genau wie Erinnerungen†¦die ja auch inmitten der Nacht in uns auftauchen und die sich dem, der sie festhalten will, so schnell wieder verdunkeln, nicht anders, als photographischer Abzug, den man zu lang im Entwicklungsbad liegen là ¤sst.’[4] [‘just like memories†¦which also spring up within us in the middle of the night and which darken again if we try to hold onto them, just like photographic prints left too long in the developing bath.’ (my translation)] As the principal interpreter of the photographs, Austerlitz’s theoretical reflection on them in the text demonstrates the psychological implications the photographs have for the protagonist. When confronted, for example, by a photograph of his five-year-old self, Austerlitz describes himself to have been ‘sprach- und begriffslos’[5] [‘speechless and notionless’ (my translation)] – though it sparks no memory in him, the photograph does sparks two temporal structures in the narrative: Austerlitz is struck by the transience, the separation of this photograph from the present day, and by its capturing of the moment preceding a catastrophe: that is, the forced disintegration and murder of his family. In this way, the photograph of Austerlitz as a child succeeds in recording an event in the technical media, but excludes it from individual memory and consciousness.[6] This lack of connection with individual memory shows Austerlitz’s quest for t he truth about his past to be more psychologically traumatic than healing, since compensatory memories cannot change the interim period of forty years which Austerlitz has spent feeling disconnected from the world, leading to a hysterical breakdown through which, interestingly enough, memory is lost and recovered by means of photographs. In a similar manner, Austerlitz’s obsession with finding a glimpse of his mother in the short film Der Fà ¼hrer schenkt den Juden eine Stadt [Theresienstadt: The Fà ¼hrer gifts the Jews a city] in order to find a visual prompt for his forgotten memories of her allows Sebald to showcase film, like photographs, as incapable of providing access to experiences traumatically excluded from memory, but instead capable of acting as a shield which distances us from what they reveal.[7] Though Austerlitz’s former nanny rejects the notion that the stillframe he becomes convinced by is his mother, the protagonist projects his inherently unreliab le idea of how his mother looked, entangled with the verbal narrations he has received from others, onto the stillframe. Here, the process of memory is complicated still further by the use of the film within the novel, both fictional works as Austerlitz is a narrative invented by Sebald, and the film from Theresienstadt concentration camp was a film staged by the Nazis. Additionally, the photographs in the text can be said to ‘guide’ the verbal narrative of Austerlitz by referring to it in a retrospective or anticipatory manner: when the narrator describes the photos laid out on the table in Austerlitz’s home, it becomes clear that some have been inserted without commentary in the novel’s narrative, while others depict events which have not yet been narrated, such as his future visit to Theresienstadt. In Thomas Bernhard’s Auslà ¶schung however, Franz Murau’s quest is not to discover his own past by means of memory, but instead to obliterate it. Again, memory through visual representation plays a major role in the protagonist’s psychological reaction to this task. When the telegram arrives to notify him of his relatives’ death at the start of the novel’s first section, Murau’s initial reaction is to take out the three photographs of his family he has retained and use them to evoke memory. We then see Murau, in this work the first-person narrator determined to outline and separate himself from his family’s Zerfall or decay, contemplate the ability of photographs to function as an ersatz reality and misrepresent what really was: ‘Die Fotografie ist tatsà ¤chlich die Teufelskunde unserer Zeit, sagte ich mir, sie là ¤ÃƒÅ¸t uns jahrelang und jahrzehntelang und lebenslà ¤nglich spà ¶ttische Gesichter sehen, wo es nur ein einzige s Mal solche spà ¶ttische Gesichter gegeben hat [†¦]’[8] [‘Photography truly is the devil’s work of our age, I said to myself: it permits us to see mocking faces over years and decades and lifetimes where in fact the mocking faces were only there on that one occasion [†¦] (my translation)]. Bernhard’s employment of photographs in the narrative, which in contrast to in Austerlitz do not appear printed for the reader, is to much more manipulative ends than Sebald’s: Murau, the narrator, admits that these particular three photographs are ones he took deliberately when the subjects didn’t wish to be captured. The act of photographing, then, and the capture of a moment becomes an agonistic enterprise whose ultimate goal is Murau’s self-assertion as an individual who is different from his family.[9] Instead of Murau reading the images as documentation of all that is important to family life, such as unity and togetherness, Bernhar d manipulates these photographs as the starting point for Murau’s narrative process of Auslà ¶schung or extinction; that is as symptomizing all that the family represses, and alongside the death of his relatives, becoming the motivation for him finally being able to break the silence. While the narrator of Austerlitz is able to connect the private story of Austerlitz with public history, which in the form of nineteenth-century architecture becomes an ‘ersatzweises, kompensatorisches Gedà ¤chtnis’[10] [‘substitute, compensatory memory’ (my translation)] for the protagonist as a way of avoiding confrontation with his own history and memory, Bernhard presents Murau as psychologically bound up in what he views as the downfall of his family into both cultural ignorance and Nazism: ‘Es là ¤ÃƒÅ¸t mich seit Jahrzehnten keine Ruhe. Tatsà ¤chlich verfolgt es mir Tag und Nacht.’[11] [‘For decades, it has preyed on my mind. In fact, it pursues me day and night.’ (my translation)] The narrative structure of Auslà ¶schung then becomes a telling of the family story by a naturally biased Murau, relying upon his childhood and youthful memories to depict all he views as wrong with the family at Wolfsegg. As a result, Wolfsegg becomes not only the setting for remembrance of a traumatic past, but also the scene of the burial of this past along with his relatives.[12] Due to the limited viewpoint we receive as readers through Murau’s depiction of a life in Wolfsegg, dominated by his mother’s cruelty and the realization that his parents had harboured Nazi perpetrators in their Kindervilla during his childhood, it is important to consider that the world depicted in Auslà ¶schung is one ‘contingent on recursive observations’[13] – meaning that the world of Auslà ¶schung is the one remembered by the narrator and therefore portrays what Wolfsegg to him meant to him both then and now. Wolfsegg then, as presented in the novel, is a memory itself. In this sense, it could even be said that the narrative methods used by Bernhard in Auslà ¶schung to convey reminiscing consequently associate Wolfsegg, Murau’s familial home, with the memory of fascism in twentieth-century Aust ria and the problems of guilt the Nazi occupation left in its wake. It is worth mentioning too that in Austerlitz, memory also appear in the form of an architectural location, with Liverpool Street Station itself spontaneously merging into a physical representation of the labyrinth of Austerlitz’s lost memories – again supporting the view that the resurfacing of memories is spontaneous, and can be prompted by visual encounters with source loci (in these two novels, architecture, photographs, and film). As an ‘anti-autobiography’ however, the operation of self-erasure that Murau is intent on creating with his narrative is problematic: by going through the process of remembering and reflecting and creating a narrative from this process, though Murau’s family line may become extinct, the narrator simultaneously creates a text which in itself lends permanence to that which is transient – and therefore to his memories by remaining behind after Murau’s death, shown by the edit made by what we must presume to be a second narrator in the final paragraph. The Auslà ¶schung becomes complete in this sense in the death of Murau, marking the extinction of his family line immediately after his extinction of his memories through writing about them, and the extinction of Wolfsegg as a contemporary place, as opposed to the Wolfsegg of his memory, in his donation of the property and lands to a Jewish foundation. By describing the process of reliving past memories as an effacement of them, the narrator of Auslà ¶schung appears to view the narrative progress of the novel as a form of therapy, similar to Austerlitz’s act of telling his story to a separate narrator, who also appears displaced and troubled by unresolved memories. While Bernhard’s narrator devotes specific time to the evocation of his memories, such as by observing the three family photographs or eagerly reading the newspaper articles published on his relatives’ deaths, the encounters between Austerlitz and Sebald’s narrator appear random and unpredictable, echoing the disjunctive rhythm with which traumatic memories come to the fore.[14] As a case in point, the sheer unreliability of memory is well-depicted by Bernhard’s technique of perspectivisation in that both verbal and written reports of the accident that killed three members of Murau’s family show considerable perspectival differences[15], leading Murau to conclude that ‘Jed er berichtet von dem Unglà ¼ck so, wie er es durch seine Empfindungen sieht und es handelt sich immer zwar um ein und dasselbe Unglà ¼ck, aber immer doch um ein anderes [†¦]’.[16] [‘Everyone tells of the accident in the way they perceive it, and it is always the very same accident, but still always a different one [†¦]’ (my translation)] As such, the narrative of Auslà ¶schung explores the fallibility of memory, with Bernhard’s typically long sentence structure emphasizing the confusion this causes. The decision of Sebald to employ a first-person narrator who both physically encounters and then relays the reflections and stories of Austerlitz can be seen as an attempt to reestablish the grounds of narrative legitimacy in literature of this period.[17] As someone who did not personally suffer the Holocaust or its aftermath, Sebald as an author was required to discover a manner of writing to remember these events without appearing presumptuous of this suffering, and the avoidance of Austerlitz, the sufferer, narrating in the first-person in the novel is evidence of this. In a similar manner, the blurring of fiction and documentary of the photographs serve to increase the novel’s authenticity for the reader: if not in the sense of their aid in helping Austerlitz come to terms with his past, then their promotion of narrative legitimacy when writing about the Holocaust. However, the exploration of the workings of memory within the text does not depend on a restoration of authe nticity, but instead on the conditions of the story’s transmission likewise, the narrative of Auslà ¶schung emphasizes the protagonist’s move away from his ignorant family by means of exploring his own memories, though they are proven to be fallible. Both Sebald and Bernhard seek to expose the prefabricated images of history that the age of visual media has allowed to colonize our memories[18] as fallible and subject to change in their employment of narrative methods to explore the workings of memory. The protagonists of Austerlitz and Auslà ¶schung reflect on their memories using visual media, though this is proven to be more hindrance than help on their respective psychological paths of remembrance as a critique of the modern visual age. The narrator of Austerlitz is needed to establish a sense of order to the jumbled observations and reflections of the protagonist, and since it is implied that Austerlitz’s death is relatively imminent, will and has decided on his legacy in the form of the novel, preserving these memories. Quite differently then, Sebald’s protagonist indicates his desire to prevent just this by writing to obliterate his memories, but then produces the opposite effect through the act of writing an d, unavoidably, remembering. [1] On Their Own Terms: The Legacy of National Socialism in Post-1990 German Fiction, Helmut Schmitz, 2004, University of Birmingham [2] Architecture and Cinema: The Representation of Memory in W. G. Sebald’s ‘Austerlitz’, Russell J. A. Kilbourn, in W. G. Sebald: A Critical Companion, ed. J. J. Long and Anne Whitehead, Edinburgh 2004, Edinburgh University Press [3] ‘†¦only signs everywhere of the annihilation’ – W. G. Sebald’s ‘Austerlitz’, Helmut Schmitz in On Their Own Terms: The Legacy of National Socialism in Post 1990 German Fiction, Birmingham 2002, University of Birmingham [4] Austerlitz, W. G. Sebald, Frankfurt am Main 2003, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag [5] Austerlitz, W. G. Sebald, Frankfurt am Main 2003, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag [6] Traumatic Photographs: Remembrance and the Technical Media in W. G. Sebald’s ‘Austerlitz’, Carolin Duttlinger, in W. G. Sebald: A Critical Companion, ed. J. J. Long and Anne Whitehead, Edinburgh 2004, Edinburgh University Press [7] Traumatic Photographs: Remembrance and the Technical Media in W. G. Sebald’s ‘Austerlitz’, Carolin Duttlinger, in W. G. Sebald: A Critical Companion, ed. J. J. Long and Anne Whitehead, Edinburgh 2004, Edinburgh University Press [8] Auslà ¶schung: Ein Zerfall, Thomas Bernhard, 1988, Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Verlag [9] ‘Die Teufelskunde unserer Zeit’? Photographic Negotiations in Thomas Bernhard’s ‘Auslà ¶schung’, Modern Austrian Literature, Vol. 35, No. 3/4 (2002), J. J. Long [10] Austerlitz, W. G. Sebald, Frankfurt am Main 2003, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag [11] Auslà ¶schung: Ein Zerfall, Thomas Bernhard, 1988, Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Verlag [12] The Art of Erasing Art. Thomas Bernhard, Bianca Theisen, MLN, Vol. 121, No. 3, April 2006, The John Hopkins University Press [13] The Art of Erasing Art. Thomas Bernhard, Bianca Theisen, MLN, Vol. 121, No. 3, April 2006, T he John Hopkins University Press [14] The Task of the Narrator: Moments of Symbolic Investiture in W. G. Sebald’s ‘Austerlitz’, Katja Garloff in W. G. Sebald: History – Memory – Trauma, ed. Scott Denham and Mark McCulloh, Berlin 2006, Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co [15] The Art of Erasing Art. Thomas Bernhard, Bianca Theisen, MLN, Vol. 121, No. 3, April 2006, The John Hopkins University Press [16] Auslà ¶schung: Ein Zerfall, Thomas Bernhard, 1988, Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Verlag [17] The Task of the Narrator: Moments of Symbolic Investiture in W. G. Sebald’s ‘Austerlitz’, Katja Garloff in W. G. Sebald: History – Memory – Trauma, ed. Scott Denham and Mark McCulloh, Berlin 2006, Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co [18] The Task of the Narrator: Moments of Symbolic Investiture in W. G. Sebald’s ‘Austerlitz’, Katja Garloff in W. G. Sebald: History – Memory – Trauma, ed. Scott Denham and Mark McCulloh, Berlin 2006, Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co

Waiting by Ha Jin Lin Kongs Endless Wait Free Essay Example, 1500 words

In Waiting , the protagonist s affections are quickly transferred to a young and intelligent nurse at his medical facility from a wife, who he married only to fulfill his parent s wishes. He is mostly away from his wife to serve in a government medical facility and often becomes the prime subject of censure for a platonic relationship with his nurse; which is not only sexual prudery but also strips the masses of their right to act on their own will. Ha Jin describes: They (Manna and Lin) were not allowed to walk together outside the hospital grounds. By now, after so many years of restriction, they had grown accustomed to it (1999, p. 13). The suppression of their emotions has numbed that even after the protagonist ends up marrying his one true love, he feels that somehow he has run out of feelings for her as well. A society that always emphasizes on the importance of filial piety is also designed on to strip a person off his individuality and his right to love and marry whoever h e or she deems worthy. Lin s wife Shuyu was a metaphor for a sense of duty and responsibility, though he has a cordial relationship with her but he feels nothing beyond. We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting by Ha Jin: Lin Kongs Endless Wait or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Lin is more thrilled by his fantasy world than his reality, which is the biggest hurdle in not only his life but a major block in the Chinese mindset. However, it can also be seen that Lin s real disappointment stems not only from his inability to love, but it is the also triggered by the realization that the social codes that he had submitted to all these years; which also caused him great pain for eighteen years.

The American Dream By Thomas Jefferson - 1329 Words

â€Å"We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable; that all men are created equal and independent, that from that equal creation they derive rights inherent and inalienable, among which are the preservation of life, and liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (Thomas Jefferson). When America was granted their freedom no one thought that it would become the country it is today. However without the smart thinking of our forefathers we would never be the nation we are today. As a newly formed nation Thomas Jefferson advertised relocation to America via the declaration which stated America promised three important things, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Those three promises have always remained true as America progressed and the†¦show more content†¦Many Americans were determined to recreate themselves in the new land and faith boosted their confidence. After the move west the U.S. population rapidly increased and their was an influx of jobs. In Horatio A lger’s Ragged Dick anything was a job the main character, Dick would even, â€Å"...devote half his day to blacking boots† (Alger). Dick’s hard work and confidence made him really start the dream, however he was rewarded by his good intentions as a result of his good faith. From the era in the novel and present day the dream has altered to capitalizing off opportunities. Which President Obama believes is the greatest thing about the U.S. he states, â€Å"We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Obama 2012). Winslow Homer was born in 1836, and grew up in a rural area of Cambridge Massachusetts and naturally fell in love with the great American outdoors. Homer’s early life was in an era of American history where literature and art were not as important because the main focus was an impending on a civil war. At the beginning of the war aged twenty five Homer accompanied general George B. McClellan with the union army and his paintings became more notable since he visualized his war experiences in paintings to show the American people (Pittsburgh Tribune-Review). However post civil war especially later during the industrial revolution their was more leisure time and moreShow MoreRelatedEquality And The American Dream1068 Words   |  5 PagesEquality and the American Dream History has a way of repeating itself. The problem of inequality has lasted as long as man has throughout the course of time. People are thought to be brave when they stick up against inequality. On July 4, 1776 Thomas Jefferson wrote the most important document in the history of our nation. The Declaration of Independence was the official document that claimed that their new name the United States of America and they would succeed from unfair British control. TheRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence, By Thomas Jefferson, And Martin Luther King Jr.1138 Words   |  5 Pageswritten by Thomas Jefferson, and Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech both address the problem of not being free. Even though Thomas and Luther were alive 150 years apart and had very different lives, they both faced the same issue of human equality that drove them to write some of the most influential works in American history. Although they bear some superficial similarities, t he difference between the Declaration of Independence and â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech are pronounced. Thomas JeffersonRead MoreMartin Luther King s Speech1188 Words   |  5 PagesHave a Dream, rallied a historic march on August 28, 1963 to Washington, to show the importance of solving the United States racial problems. 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His level of understanding and the commitment he gaveRead More What Is An American Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is an American. This country is full of individuals of many backgrounds, and diversities and each person has a different opinion on this question. In my opinion, an American is someone who values freedom and equality and pursues the American dream. Every American exercises these rights and these are great adjectives to describe our country. Each of the seven readings, and the one image I compiled help mold this broader definition into a more precise description of an American. Robert CreeleyRead MoreThe Rich in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Dream is something common to most individuals, however its one thing that everybody views in several ways. The American Dream is totally different for everybody, however they share a number of a similar aspects of it. The dream relies mainly on the setting of wherever one lives and one‘s social status. for instance, The Declaration of Independence was by Thomas Jefferson, who was an upper class white male. He needed freedom, however freedom for people like himself that were white landRead MoreMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech891 Words   |  4 PagesSince Kindergarten, teachers have been teaching students about Martin Luther King Junior’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Ever since children have been born, they have celebrated Independence Day by either going to a parade, or shooting fireworks. Although, at these young ages, children don ’t quite know the real importance of each of them. Martin Luther King Jr. wanted every human being, regardless of their race to be treated fairly or just. Independence Day was the day on July 4, 1776 where fifty-sixRead MoreAlexander Hamiltons Contribution to America Essay908 Words   |  4 Pagesthe case (Robertson, 2005). Americans regard the Constitution to be helpful for the reason that it allows for diverseness of views. In the history of America, a variety of thoughts would develop with alarming and formidable support through various factions (Robertson, 2005). Today, the main political arguments are presented from the Republican group or Democratic group. During the early periods of the American government, arguments on politics were made by Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton asRead MoreA Comparison of the Declaration of Independence and Kings I Have A Dream1264 Words   |  6 Pages and therefore have a right to be free.   The Declaration of Independence, by Thomas Jefferson, and Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream are two works addressing this concern.   Although Jefferson and King led extremely different lives over 150 years apart, both faced issues of human equality that drove them to write two of the most influential works in American history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas Jefferson, an educated, well respected career man, served as governor of Virginia, secretaryRead MoreEssay on Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton655 Words   |  3 Pagesinvolved in the establishment of the government, the laws regulating states and people, and individual rights in the construction of the United States of America. Two men stand out as instrumental to our founding principles: Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Thomas Jefferson was an educated, articulate and accomplished man from a well-respected family. He had a great understanding of farming and of the relationship between man and his environment, working diligently to balance the two for the

Admirer in French Verb Conjugations and the Noun

The French verb  admirer  means to admire. It is a regular verb and its resemblance to the English translation makes it an easy verb to work with. Yet, this is not the only  admirer  that you may want to know in French. What is the French noun for admirer? When speaking of an admirer, you will use the word le amirateur. For instance, my secret admirer is mon admirateur secret. Conjugations for the French Verb  Admirer In your French studies, you will come to admire the ease of conjugating admirer. This is a  regular -ER verb, so it follows a simple pattern in the new endings. Once you learn the conjugates for  admirer, try  another like adorer and notice how it uses the same formula. This chart shows you the various conjugations of  admirer. Simply pair the subject pronoun -- the  j, tu, nous, etc. -- with the correct tense for your needs. For instance, I admire is jadmire and the formal or plural you will admire is  vous admirerez. Subject Present Future Imperfect j admire admirerai admirais tu admires admireras admirais il admire admirera admirait nous admirons admirerons admirions vous admirez admirerez admiriez ils admirent admireront admiraient Admirers Present Participle The  present participle  of admirer  is admirant. Not only can this be a verb, but you might find it useful as an adjective, gerund, or noun at times. The Passà © Composà © and Past Participle of  Admirer To form the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  of  admirer, you will need the auxilliary verb and the past participle. In this case, the  auxiliary verb  is  avoir  and it needs to be conjugated. The  past participle  is  admirà © and it can be used for any subject. Lets put that together. In order to say I admired, you will use the French jai admirà © and for they did admire, change it to ils ont admirà ©. More  Admirer  Conjugations to Study You may need to use other conjugations for  admirer  from time to time. While its important to concentrate on the present, future, and passà © composà ©, you might find these helpful as well. The subjunctive is used when the act of admiring is questionable or uncertain. Likewise, the conditional verb mood is used when its dependent on something. You should only need the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive when writing formally in French. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j admire admirerais admirai admirasse tu admires admirerais admiras admirasses il admire admirerait admira admirt nous admirions admirerions admirmes admirassions vous admiriez admireriez admirtes admirassiez ils admirent admireraient admirrent admirassent You can also use the imperative for  admirer. This form is useful in small and direct requests or demands -- essentially, short exclamations. When using the imperative, theres no need to use the pronoun --  tu admire  -- since  admire  alone implies the  tu. Imperative (tu) admire (nous) admirons (vous) admirez

##jane Satrapis Persepolis And Letter From Birmingham...

In times of hardship, it is often easy to be selfish. It is simpler to abandon a moral stance, to cast aside what is right, and to run; protecting only yourself and those you hold dearly. However, to do what appears right, to help others, to advocate for equality, and to remain true to a code of values is a far more honorable task. Recognizing the humanity in all, the humanity within your oppressors or opponents, and helping protect those at a disadvantage even if it endangers yourself is the most admirable thing to do. This argument is demonstrated in both Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis and in Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†. King and Satrapi both honored their people by fighting for the oppressed, and working towards†¦show more content†¦This is demonstrated not only in separate but equal policies, but in their denial of rights to protest and rights to vote. These policies, just like in Iran were enforces and communicated to t he masses through fear, imprisonment, and bias against the minority. Many white people who truly believed what was happening was wrong stood by silently because they were afraid of the danger and social implications protesting would ensue. In Persepolis, many Iranians who were not originally strict Muslims or extreme supporters of the new regime pretended to be that way rather than face the shame of being their true selves. In â€Å"A Letter From Birmingham Jail†, Martin Luther King Jr. is fighting for civil rights and equality for African Americans. During the mid 1900s civil rights movement, the rights of African Americans were subjugated and oppressed due to long standing racism and fear of change. King addresses these inequalities and advocates for change. His stance in the civil rights movement often corresponds with the non-violent protests Gandhi led. Both MLK and Gandhi courageously stood up for the unspoken minority and encouraged integration and equality. Martin Luther King Jr. states, â€Å"An unjust law is a code inflicted upon a minority which that minority had no part in enacting or creating because it did not have the unhampered right to vote† (Paragraph 3). African Americans,

The Growing Dependence On Computers Free Essays

Computers have been very helpful to society over the last few decades. Nowadays laptop and desktop computers are used in almost any place, at home, at work, at school, in a car and even in the kitchen. Computers help us in our everyday tasks; they let us socialize with friends from around the world, work from home and even allow us to relax watching a movie or playing a game. We will write a custom essay sample on The Growing Dependence On Computers or any similar topic only for you Order Now However the reliance on them has grown greatly in the last couple of years, as statistics show that the percentage of households with internet and desktops or laptops has increased almost 80% over the last twelve years, which begs the question: is dependence on computers a good habit or should we be more serious about its consequences? Computers make our lives easier and give us the possibility to connect to the Internet and learn new things. They make it possible for us to keep in touch with our friends, shop online or even receive classes online. Machines nowadays make it simpler than ever to organize digital media with only one click, instead of organizing physical discs, which is more time consuming and frequently get damaged. This gives us more time to do more creative or productive things in our life. Additionally, the modern communication system is fully based on computers; we cannot imagine any of this electronic communication without them, for example cell phone networks. This is essential to most of us, since we are always online in chat rooms interacting with our friends or downloading music on the go. So, as computers get better and better, communication and download speeds will increase to enhance our lives. In addition, science and medical research is fully dependent on computers, which help process mathematical calculations quicker and more precisely, for instance cures for HIV and cancer are now being calculated by hundreds of computer so one day there exists a successful treatment for these diseases. Moreover, science experiments like the building of spaceships will be improved because computers will be able, in the future, to compute better ways of building space rockets, which can go farther and quicker to planet like mars which therefore can be tested by astronauts to see if life can continue on that planet. Science and medical research will be more developed as computers become more intelligent and faster. However, on the other hand, there are several arguments against computers. For example, when someone has become addicted or obsessed with a computer. If a person spends too much time in the cyber-world they can become lazy, develop anti-social tendencies and sometimes experience a negative change in behavior, and in severe cases the person will no longer be able to function properly without it. It is common to see the side effects of someone who has spent a long time in front of a screen; they might develop weight gain, strained eyes and headaches, along with other unpleasant effects. Although, it can be argued that it is the fault of the person, rather than of the computer. Nevertheless, most importantly is the safety issue. Social communities like Facebook that allow people to post personal information and photos to the internet can be really dangerous, since anyone with a basic knowledge of computers can see your photos and information. However, probably the most important issue is that our comfort level with computers grows, so everyday we do more things like buying online with a credit card, which again can be accessed by a smart hacker and then use all your money. Yet, these are just a few common examples of issues with computers, which are not harmful or threatening to our own life. In a few decades, however, cars will be driven by themselves, obviously controlled by computers, and what if something goes wrong inside the chip of our car at a high speed? This would be a deadly mistake caused by a computer. Thus, why do we rely so much on computers, which still after many years in the market have still got errors in programming, bugs and threats to new viruses? In my opinion, computers do indeed make our lives easier more often than making it harder, but as we depend more on them it puts ourselves at risk because of the evilness of others. Nowadays, we should only rely on computers when our life is not in danger, since both computers and malicious people can be a threat for any human being, now and probably in the future as well. How to cite The Growing Dependence On Computers, Papers

Leadership A Critical Perspective for Future

Question: Discuss about the Leadership for A Critical Perspective. Answer: Introduction: Effective leadership qualities can be defined as the ways in which a person is able to make the team rely on him as well as these are the qualities which makes a man successful person. If one goes with the popular saying, that Great Leaders are born, not made then it will prove him wrong as most of the leaders states that the circumstances and the situations makes and moulds the person into a better one (Conley, 2013). The studies show that there are different types of skills to become a good leader. Based on the skills the leadership management can be divided into three categories. Transformational Leadership: this model deals with the leader who is able to bring about results through motivation among the team members. Collaborative Leadership: this model not only requires the skills of the leader but also the the contribution of the team members. Shared Leadership: this model is concerned with the skills of the individual. This kind of leadership is very effective and it minimizes the chances of communication. To be a great leader the most needed skill must be self-assessment. The effective leadership periodically take stock of their personal strengths and as well as the shortcomings. An able leader must have sharp perception otherwise; he or she will fail to foresee the future of the respective field. An effective leader must response to the teams need. Good communication skills are required to be a good leader (Uhl-Bien et al., 2014). To handle the difficult situations and to support the value of the team makes a man a good leader. The leader must know the art of inspiring the team members. People need to be inspired by the spirit of his work, and to motivate them in the right path is the responsibility of the team leader. The paper will focus on the successful leader and their skills for the better understanding of the effecting management skills (Thomas, 2015). To evaluate the leadership qualities and to discuss the lives the first leader would be Rupert Murdoch. Keith rupert murdoch: Keith Rupert Murdoch is an Australia based American media personal. His father Keith Arthur Murdoch was a famous reporter and he was on the position of the senior executive of the Herald. After the death of his father, Rupert created his own private company namely the News Limited. Therefore, from the very start he had the full responsibility of his office. From the very first, he had the position of the chairperson and chief executive officer of the company. In the early 1950s and the 1960s Murdoch had a number of news papers on his own. The News Corporation was a multinational American mass media corporation. The company shifted from Australia to Adelaide in the year 2004 with the confirmation of the majority of the companys shareholders. Afterwards, it was relocated to Delaware and was renamed as the News Corporation. Rupert Murdoch is one of the most successful and abandoned entrepreneurs in the world. Today his success is indisputable. His company, News Corporation, is the world s second-largest entertainment company. Some of the effective leadership qualities of Rupert Murdoch can be classified as: The Indomitable Spirit: As for most of the times, Rupert Murdoch has received mixed public opinion the description varies like, that he is passionate about his works, loves adventure, ambitious even reports says he can go to any extent to achieve his goals. In the late 90s his company had a debt crisis, the people opined that his management is the management of the ruthless one there if one serves no work he is fired. Nevertheless, he was able to control the situation irrespective of the public opinion. Wide Perceptiveness: Rupert Murdoch is blessed with the ability of wide perceptiveness. When he started to giving importance to the sector of media, the others were less bothered to even consider it as a good ground of importance. Instead of of the non-supporting comments, he continued his will and at the end of the following years, he had the highest business. Ruperts Leadership Qualities: Murdoch has his own image as an aggressive and a ruthless businessperson. As he, himself states that his strategy is rooted in the concept of power. Compared with other industries, journalism generally gives more flexibility to a person. The Murdoch familys role in management may be the other factor that shapes the culture of the company (McIlroy, 2015). The highly placid members of the family, tends to increase norms of the company and the values created by the founder. Analysis of his Success: Rupert defined his mission in one of his interviews that his aim was to give people the most valuable information in the finest way possible. Rupert Murdochs leadership tarits are demonstrated as his social status, adventurous spirit and his I can do mentality. His style of leadership quality can be clearly defined as the charismatic leadership quality (Sergiovanni, 1992). He has very ably employed his leadership skill to the development of the company. Moreover, his skills are proved very effective in the hospitality sector. After the death of his father, he was responsible for the development of the company and keeping this into his mind, he acquired the needful transferral leadership skills. Over the years, Rupert Murdochs outstanding leadership skills continued to lead the News Crop and have already created a history. His efforts, achievements and success are expanded all over the world of media. Rupert Murdochs skills have been already established as the successful rules of the business. In this context, another worthy leader to mention would be James Packer. James douglas packer: James Packer is an Australian businessperson, as well as an investor and a philanthropist. James Packer inherited the family company Consolidated Press Holdings limited. Packer had his early learning from Cranbrook School in Sydney. Packer is the chairperson of the Crown Limited, one of Australias largest entertainment and integrated resort groups. According to the Forbes magazine, James Packer is ranked the 41st among the worlds richest businessperson (Oreg Berson, 2015). He had the every ability to contribute to the companys development. Packer acquired the stakes of the online-classified sites. Some of his leadership styles can be described as the following: Strong Administrative management: Packer single headedly brought his company among the top companies of Australia by the implication of his strong administrative power. According to the general people of the town, he is man of iron will. Effective rules: Packer has implicated many helpful rules that are useful for the companys benefit. A good company requires the effective rules to improve the quality of the work. By analysing the situation of and the state of the employees, the authority must employ the rules. Packer, to make his company a great one has incorporated many rules according to the need. Sharp Goals: As an effective leader, Packer was always able to set sharp goals. The leaders must be very specific about their goals. The achievement of the goals makes the company a good one. In the words of James Packer, he states that through thorough self-analysis a leader reaches toward his goals. The goals that the leader set must not be very far reaching. They should be compact and concerned with the companys situation. Packers leadership style can be traced in accordance with the Transformational leadership skill (Van Knippenberg Sitkin, 2013). His style of leadership includes the changes of the rules with the collective decisions of the company worker. The companys vital decisions are always taken by including the other company heads. This type of leadership style allows a number changes in the company rules. Good Listening Skills: The effective leader must have the good listening skills. If he is enough efficient to listen he will be able to perform well. Motivational Skills: His motivational skills are marvellous according to his workers. He is able to motivate his employees in appositive way so that they can contribute in the development of the company. Furthermore, these skills help the worker to relate themselves to the supreme head of the company. The Risk Factor: James Packer was able to take the risk for the company from the very early age. It is the sign of a good leader who is able to take risk and avoid the chance of failure from the fortune of the company. Packer had taken many high risks for the development of the company and the risks were proved helpful for the growth of the company. Good Negotiation Skill: To run a company successfully the leader must be a good negotiator. The negotiations must be beneficiary for the company. Packer had made much helpful negotiation for his company. The business professionals know that in order to achieve success they must commit to lifelong skill building. Effective leaders knows the agreed upon strategies to achieve the companys goals. The thorough knowledge of the institution: The leader must know his company very well. To help this process Packer used to pay visits to the company offices twice a month. It helped his knowledge about the needs of the company. As well as these visits helped him to learn more about the workers. to maintain a good relation with the worker of the company is another good skill that an effective leader can have (Johansen, 2012). The workers are the main support of the company and their satisfaction and needs must be fulfilled. Another leader who has successfully performed his duty and who is enough worthy to have a mention in the context is Malcolm Bligh Turnbull. Malcolm Bligh Turnbull: Malcolm Bligh Turnbull was born on 24th of October 1954. He is the present Prime Minister of Australia and the leader of the Liberal party (Roueche et al., 2014). From 16th September 2008 to 1st December 2009, Turnbull was the leader of the Opposition and later on he became the Shadow Minister of the Communications and Broadband. Before becoming the Prime Minister of Australia, Turnbull was the Communications Minister from 18th September 2013 to September 2015. He became the 29th Prime Minister of Australia, on 15th of September 2015 and again was sworn in for the second time on 19th July 2016 (Van Knippenberg Sitkin, 2013). After defeating Tony Abbott on 14th September 2015 in a leadership spill, Malcolm Bligh Turnbull took over the power of both of the offices. Before entering the political field, Turnbull worked as a journalist in both personal and managerial positions. He also worked as a lawyer, merchant banker, venture capitalist, chairperson of the Australian Republican Movem ent. He is a self-made millionaire and in the year 1994, for $500,000 he purchased a stake of interest service provider Ozemail. Since Turnbull entered the political world, he had held a number of positions including the responsibility for the water policy and as a minister for the Environment and water minister (Van Knippenberg Sitkin, 2013). Turnbull persuaded his education from Vaucluse Public School and Sydney grammar school. He graduated from Sydney University with a BA LLB and completed his further law degree at Oxford after he was awarded with Rhodes scholarship. In the Liberal Party Turnbull was generally considered as the part of the progressive minority because his views on the issues such as marriage equality, climate change, republicanism and others differed from the conservative majority. The major population of the Liberal Party members had different and conservative views on these topics than Turnbull and a few others. These differences between the point of views lead to the arousal of persistent tension within the members of Liberal Party. In 2009, the Liberal Party actually came to a split when Turnbull supported the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme that was proposed by the Rudd Government. Some of the leadership qualities of Turnbull could be categorised as follows: Man with wisdom: Intelligence is a one of the most important criteria of the leadership qualities and Malcolm Bligh Turnbull has been with such qualities. Turnbull is a highly qualified person, who has persuaded his LLB from Sydney University, and has procured his further law degrees from Oxford. The dedication and intelligence of Turnbull could be identified from his studies when he received the Rhodes scholarship as Award for his performance in studies so that he could study in the Oxford College (Knight Knox-Hayes, 2015). Goal Oriented: Turnbull is a highly goal oriented person, he does not gets demotivated by failures however, he thinks failures to be a part of success. This wording of him could be proved as in the year 2009 when Tony Abbott defeated him in the leadership spill by one vote, he did not give up and neither was he demotivated (Foti et al., 2014). He tried and challenged Tony Abbott again in the year 2015 and this time he won by 10 votes from Tony Abbott and became the 29th Prime Minister of Australia. Man of his words: Turnbull is a man of his words and this could be seen as in the year 2008, someone asked him if he would like to become the next Prime Minister of Australia, he commented that who would not like to be a Prime Minister. Many of the other parties and people would accept him to be the Prime Minister (Donaldson, 2001). However, since then, he completed what he said he would do even though there were people who would not like him. Leadership Capabilities: Whereas the former prime minister of Australia, Tony Abbott could be defined as a brand-damaging leader with his apparent austerity and royalist programs, far right hang-ups and religiousness, the present Prime Minister of Australia could be defined as the more saleable and more suaver leader. As every effective and successful leader should have, Malcolm has both good and aggressive qualities in him (DuBrin, 2015). On one hand, Turnbull is saver, clever, charity donor and urbane, on the other hand he is dominating, arrogant and capable of managing his duties well (Turnbull, 2013). Analysis of success: The time when the present Prime Minister of Australia, Mr. Malcolm Turnbull took over his commission, he openly announced putting an end to the Captains call that he wanted to call in for new styles of leadership in the way that the ministers dealt with the others. It can however, be assumed that the inferior falling figure of Tony Abbott had an main impact for the fall of his demise and the rise of Turnbulls reign (Crabb, 2016). Although Turnbull had the full authority of his power and indeed, he was capable of taking his decision on his own, yet he chose to rule through Shared Leadership style (Wildman, 2015). This leadership style is about taking and considering the opinions of others in the decision. These leadership style lead Turnbull towards great political success during his power period Recommendation: The above study focuses on the analysis of the leadership styles of different leaders and their approaches towards their work related environment. In this study, the effectiveness of the leadership styles and approaches that are used by the well-known leaders of the world are analysed critically. This study consists of the research on the three leaders namely: Keith Rupert Murdoch, the Australia based American media personal; James Douglas Packer, the famous Australian businessperson, an investor and a philanthropist and Malcolm Bligh Turnbull, the present 29th Prime Minister of Australia. The leadership qualities of these leaders are mentioned here linking them to the leadership theories. The different leaders have their own style of management and they follow different theories of leadership in their workplace. Keith Rupert Murdoch, being a journalism member, does have the authority to take sole decision in his industry. Therefore, he uses the theory of collaborative leadership; he follows the idea of his teammates and takes decision on that basis. This is effective for him as it provides him the viewpoints and the ideas of the majority. In the case of James Douglas Packer, the theory that could be said that he applies is Transformational leadership. Packer being a businessperson needs to take his business related decision on his own, as he is the only person who has the knowledge of his person. Therefore, the decisions that are taking solely by him would be more effective for him rather than the decisions that are taken by some else regarding his business. For the Prime Minister, Malcolm Bligh Turnbull it is important to listen and consider the point of views, needs and requirements of the other and then take a decision on the basis of that. Decisions when taken as such come under Shared Leadership theory. Therefore, the different leadership styles of these leaders are justified by the theories of leadership. Conclusion: To conclude it can be said that every individual has his own type and notion of success. The already established leadership rules help them to be more efficient. The leaders set their own skills in accordance with the specific needs of the company. As the different companies faces the different policies it is difficult to suggest that which particular rule is the most effective one (McIlroy, 2015). Becoming an effective leader is not a one-time process. It takes a lot time to become a successful leader. The essential qualities of an effective leader come with the leaders understanding of the various situations that he faces in the course of time. The team member feels more focused and motivated when their leader is more motivated and he articulates his vision for a project for the organisation (Oreg Berson, 2015). Rather than clinging to the false belief that the leaders tends to do the most useful thing they can do is to hire people who appreciate their skills rather than who just supplement the needs. A company can only produce good result if the workers of the company are stable and they perform the company orders. References: Conley, T. (2013). Australia in the world.Government Politics in Australia, 329. Crabb, A. (2016).Stop at nothing: The life and adventures of Malcolm Turnbull. Black Inc.. Donaldson Jr, G. A. (2001).Cultivating leadership in schools: Connecting people, purpose, and practice. Teachers College Press, PO Box 20, Williston, VT 05495-0020 (paperback: ISBN-0-8077-4002-0, $24.95; hardcover: ISBN-0-8077-4003-9, $52). DuBrin,(2015) Andrew J.Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Foti, R., Hansbrough, T. K., Epitropaki, O., Coyle, P. (2014). Special issue: Dynamic viewpoints on implicit leadership and followership theories.The Leadership Quarterly,25(2), 411-412. Johansen, R. (2012).Leaders make the future: Ten new leadership skills for an uncertain world. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Knight, E., Knox-Hayes, J. (2015). Creating legitimate authority for environmental governance and new market creation: A case study from Australia.Competition Change,19(1), 36-55. McIlroy, J. (2015). NSW government forks over millions to developers-again.Green Left Weekly, (1073), 3. Oreg, S., Berson, Y. (2015). Personality and Charismatic Leadership in Context: The Moderating Role of Situational Stress.Personnel Psychology,68(1), 49-77. Pfeffer, J. (2015). Leadership BS. Study on Leadership Qualities of Supervisory Officers (Divisional/Institution Heads) in ICAR Institutes.Indian Journal of Extension Education,50(3 4), 58-61. Roueche, P. E., Baker III, G. A., Rose, R. R. (2014).Shared vision: Transformational leadership in American community colleges. Rowman Littlefield. Schoemaker, P.J., Krupp, S. and Howland, S., 2013. Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), pp.131-134. Sergiovanni, T. J. (1992).Moral leadership: Getting to the heart of school improvement. Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers, 350 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104 (US sales); Maxwell Macmillan International Publishing Group, 866 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10022 (sales outside US).. Sosik, J. J., Chun, J. U., Zhu, W. (2014). Hang on to your ego: The moderating role of leader narcissism on relationships between leader charisma and follower psychological empowerment and moral identity.Journal of business ethics,120(1), 65-80. Thomas, H. (2015). Developing Video-Enhanced Pedagogical Cases in Service Leadership. InPromoting Service Leadership Qualities in University Students(pp. 161-175). Springer Singapore. Tiernan, A. (2016). Beyond the nadir of political leadership: Can partisans learn?.Griffith REVIEW, (51), 11. Turnbull, M. (2013). Malcolm Turnbull.The Angela Lansbury Handbook-Everything you need to know about Angela Lansbury, 343. Uhl-Bien, M., Riggio, R. E., Lowe, K. B., Carsten, M. K. (2014). Followership theory: A review and research agenda.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 83-104. Ulambayar, T., Fernndez-Gimnez, M. E. (2013). Following the footsteps of the Mongol queens: Why Mongolian pastoral women should be empowered.Rangelands,35(6), 29-35. Van Knippenberg, D., Sitkin, S. B. (2013). A critical assessment of charismaticTransformational leadership research: Back to the drawing board?.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 1-60. Waldman, D. A., Balven, R. M. (2014). Responsible leadership: Theoretical issues and research directions.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(3), 224-234. Wildman, K. (2015).First Among Equals: Australias Prime Ministers from Barton to Turnbull. Exisle Publishing.

The Signalman By Charles Dickens Essay Example For Students

The Signalman By Charles Dickens Essay The conditions at Dotheboys Hall school in Nicholas Nickelby were unprivileged. The school was so poor that the children had to eat cold, runny porridge and work in bitter conditions Mr. Squeers feared that if they used all the stuff they could not make a profit out of the school. They could not afford anything and that was the reason why he stole the childrens possessions. The children looked pale and haggard, lank and bony figures with deformities upon their limbs. Laurie Lee was better off, and could say he was at a greater advantage than Nicholas was. They received fresh, new books and had heating in the classrooms the tub of warmth. The school was lively wild boys and girls from miles around, we were packed into the walls with pupils. The village was poor and crowded. Sometimes there would be a beating which nobody took notice off except the pupils red faced mothers. The conditions seem to be serious as in Nicholas Nickleby. We will write a custom essay on The Signalman By Charles Dickens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The main difference is that there is a different condition, better than in Cider with Rosie than Nicholas Nickleby. This is due to the difference in time because there are better standards later than earlier and that is what applies to them too. Some conditions are the equivalent to crowded areas and the scare of beating. Money is the foremost reason for the majority of the conditions especially in Nicholas Nickleby. The character Nicholas seemed very depressed and sympathetic for the children. He did not intend to go to school and to find it to be as shocking as he did. He was more than happy to talk to Smike about his situation. Nicholas is worried about his sister because he had a terrible thought he is concerned. He hopes that his parents do not consign her to some miserable place he feels self degraded by the consciousness of his position and feels guilty, planning to do some good for the children. Laurie did not feel the same way Nicholas did. He was young and didnt want to go to school, who did? I aint going Im stopping ome! at the age of four, do you blame him? His intention of not going is so desperate that he was carried up the road, kicking and brawling. When replaced with a new teacher Mrs. Wardley, he gets on the wrong side of her. Cue to his lack of motivation she calls him fat and lazy which he was quite proud of, when he admits that, that was the name she called me! Before Charles Dickens wrote he Nicholas Nickleby travelled to Yorkshire with a friend to gather some information about schools. Even as a child, he was horrified when hearing such dreadful stories about the conditions of schools. Charles Dickens education system would have been different because it was in the early nineteenth century. At that time many things were happening like: Church of England operated primary schools in the UK, students had to pay small fees to study the Bible, catechism, reading, writing and arithmetic, in 1833 British parliament passed a law for Government funds and in 1862 UK established a school grant system called payment by results. (Also the year that Dickens died The Education Act of 1870, called the Forster Act, authorised local government boards schools operated by the Government and voluntary schools conducted by the church and other private organisations). A lot happened but at Laurie Lees time of education, more major changes happened. A Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget had a major on the educational theory in the early twentieth century. He wrote extensively on the development of thought and language patterns on children. .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e , .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e .postImageUrl , .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e , .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e:hover , .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e:visited , .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e:active { border:0!important; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e:active , .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1734fca9b0d3d9a596156ea045f4b6e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "As You like It" by William Shakespeare EssayHe believed that children, by exploring their environment, create their own ides/thoughts, or intellectual conceptions of reality. He thought that human intelligence developed in stages, a persons understanding of the world in a new and more complex way. This switched the way children were taught, and how and why people cared about education compared to before, in the early nineteenth century. In conclusion, it goes to shows how much of a disadvantage Nicholas was at because Laurie had the chance to have an education but did not even bother. He had no working attitude or effort and frequently got into trouble. as you can see that there are a lot of similarities, differences, and facts, which I have expressed. One thing to remember is that they were written at different times and that is why there are so many comparisons. As time moves on, education (school life/systems) and language changes, develops and that is what you have to remember because it is important. I am delighted that I was not born or had to study at school in Dickenss era; I am counting myself as a very lucky person. I mean, who would not?

Sample Essay on Code of Ethics

Sample Essay on Code of EthicsYou can write a sample essay on code of ethics for your essay writing sample. The essay should be an introduction to the topic. It should begin with the student's definition of ethics and give an outline of the topic. The sample essay on code of ethics is easy to write as long as you are following a few basic guidelines.Ethics is an area that can be tricky to define, as well as hard to define. You can use different definitions or add to them, as long as you can get from your students that ethics is what they expect from themselves and other people in their lives. It is not about what a person can do, but what they are expected to do.Ethical behavior is expected to be consistent and ethical. Sometimes, it may be needed to break the rules to accomplish something that is not strictly right or wrong. This is acceptable when it is required to get the job done. Of course, this would be unethical when it occurs outside of the workplace. You can follow this idea when writing the sample essay on code of ethics.For example, if you have your office employees, they should follow some basic ethical rules. Perhaps the employees should pay their own taxes or hire their own legal counsel. These ethical rules should apply to everyone who does business with your company. While they may not do anything illegal, you cannot force them to do it. When writing the sample essay on code of ethics, you can make them follow the rules you have set out for them.Sometimes, ethical rules may require workers to come into contact with the public. This is to prevent the potential threat of diseases spreading. This is an area where you must be careful. For example, let us say that you have employees coming in and out of the office. This may seem like an unnecessary risk. It may sound crazy, but you may want to find out how infectious germs are contracted if there is a large amount of activity going on in your office.There are many ethical rules that you can use when writing a sample essay on code of ethics. You can make it a guideline for your employees to follow, or you can create guidelines for what goes on outside of the office. Maybe you would want to make them follow a code for self-harm? You may have a small amount of money at stake, so there are many ways to get that information.In any case, having a code of ethics will help your business stand out from the competition. It is not mandatory, but you want your employees to follow them anyway, so this could be a good idea for your business.

Gender Bashing essays

Gender Bashing essays The Mens Right Movement: Male is Not a Four-Letter Word Jack Kammers article seeks to point out that negative aspects have stemmed from the growing womens liberation movement. This article does a good job bringing to light the anti-male feelings that are sometimes associated with the word feminism. However, it does not really have a concrete basis that supports this authors opinions. Kammers article does share one concept common among some of the other critiques I have read on this man vs. women phenomenon. That is, without a factual base they tend to sound like simple complaints. I feel that articles such as these tend to take attention off of real problems that are embedded in our society. They also lead other reader to perceive the whole subject as a joke rather than a social science seeking solutions to real problems. Kammer does take the time to include some statistics on the many ways a mans life is worse than that of a women, but these can be quickly thrown out. For example, women have typically not been allowed to work in death professions. I am sure that as our society grows everyone will have an equal chance at these wonderful jobs. I found it appalling that he even objected to differential treatment of children in hostage situations. I have shared some of the same feelings that Kramer describes, but I tend to ignore those as just differences of opinion or an ignorant person speaking to quickly. His use of the media portraying men as secret admirer and blood brother to the gang rapist is useless. The media will do anything to sell their product. That is something we can all agree on. We as a society are the police force that must control the media. Refuse to buy their product and they will change. I agree with Krammer in that many feminists tend to focus on mens shortcomings as a way to further their cause. ...

11 Motivational Quotes For When You Are Job Seeking

11 Motivational Quotes For When You Are Job Seeking Looking for a job is often a long and challenging process. One of the most difficult things about it is staying motivated when it just seems like you have spent hours formatting one line on your resume or sending out another cover letter. But it is important to remember that it takes a lot of work to find a good job, let alone one that is right for you and your career direction. When you are down, say some of these to yourself: 1. Live life as if everything is rigged in your favor. – Rumi  2. There is no hierarchy expect quality. – Arianna Huffington  3. Schedule your creative time. – John Legend  4. Nothing kills creativity more than stress. – Arianna Huffington  5. There is only one way to avoid criticism: Do nothing, say nothing, and be nothing. – Aristotle  6. The person who says it cannot be done should not interrupt the person who is doing it. – Chinese Proverb  7. We become what we think about. – Earl Nightingale   8. If you’re going through hell, keep going. – Winston Churchill  9. Good things come to people who wait, but better things come to those who go out and get them. – Unknown  10. Self expression is the new form of entertainment   11. Okay, the trampoline was a bad idea. But you know what? At least I’m out there trying new things. – Homer Simpson

World cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World cultures - Essay Example The Mayan civilization consisted of powerful city-states that spread from southern Mexico to northern Honduras. Scientists in Mayan civilization cite that drought theory plays a pivotal role where the people cut down the jungle canopy to accelerate the problem`. A climate model simulation depicts the aggregation of drought caused by deforestation. The pale climate records show that the collapse of Mayan socio-political structure links to Terminal Classical Drought (TCD). The efforts to assess the effects of climate change on prehistoric societies leads to controversies on the future climate change in the modern societies. Lane et al (2014) present evidence of TCD along the Caribbean Island of Hispaniola, Laguna Castilla, and other areas of the Dominican Republic. The flowering with the rain theory analyzes the cavern stalagmites on the cave floors to link the climate swings that lead to the fall of the empire. Belizean stalagmites in the early Classical Maya are unusually wet since the population proliferation aid the process. Sophistication of monumental architecture, political systems, and complex religion fall in the full flower era. Scientists provide a warfare theory that could have shattered the entire people. The stone carving depict vicious images such as Tikal, Quirigua, and Dos Pilas. It is possible cites went to war with each other. As Dos Pilas invasion took place in 760 A.D (Lane et al. 2014). One cannot rule out the possibility of war that brought economic disaster and a domino effect in the Maya cities. At the apex of their power, things started to unravel just like the stock market zigzag into uncharted territory. Carroll (2013) explains that the ancients built an advanced society where they were undone by their own success. The population of the people continued to escalate stretching the natural resources to a breaking point. The political leaders

Why did capitalism emerge as mature system in Britain Research Paper

Why did capitalism emerge as mature system in Britain - Research Paper Example The topic of capitalism was originally brought about by Karl Marx and his colleague Fredrick Engels, who were both historians and theorists. According to Marx, capitalism originated from the Western Europe, more specifically in England. This is reiterated by Max Weber, who describes England as â€Å"the home of capitalism† (Jean Baechler et al. 1988, p. 185). Capitalism in England can be traced from the sixteenth century which coincided with the Agrarian revolution that was slowly taking place. Capitalism was, therefore, largely seen in the land ownership and agricultural production that characterized this revolution. During the sixteenth century, most parts of Europe were undergoing the Agrarian revolution. Typically, human beings engaging in agriculture in most parts of Europe were categorized into two main groups; the people who practiced agriculture (peasants) and those who appropriated other people’s labor. In this arrangement, those who worked on the land (peasant farmers) possessed land and had access to what they produced on their farms. However, the appropriators of labor (who were either the State or landowners) controlled what these peasants farmers sold or remained with for storage. This surplus produce was taken from the peasants by use of coercion which was carried out through various means such as judicial, military or political power. According to Marx, this kind of exploitation through direct coercion was referred to â€Å"extra-economic† means. This was, however, different from the developed capitalism where the farmers (producers) are completely property-less, onl y relying on wages in exchange of their labor-power in working on landowners’ properties (Wallerstein 2011). In this kind of capitalist relationship between appropriators and producers, what mattered most were the markets and the forces involved in them. For example, markets determined what the appropriators got in exchange

Sexual Assault in the Army

Sexual Assault in the Army â€Å"The Invisible War† Sexual Assault  against Women in the Army In 2012 a documentary entitled â€Å"The Invisible War† dealing with sexual assault against women raised attention to an issue that has been rarely spoken about. As an issue, it has been gaining attention in recent years however, and even President Obama (Office of the Press Secretary, 2014) describes it as a â€Å"profound injustice† in a speech he made in January. Sexual assault in the army affects a certain category of the American population that is abused. This paper will focus mainly on veteran women, explaining the causes behind their victimization, the measures the U.S officials have been trying to implement to limit such incidents, and finally it will provide some real study cases. The Report to the President of the United States on Sexual Assault Prevention and Response (Depatment of Defense., 2014) came as a response to president Obama’s request to the defense department to improve their policies against sexual assault in the military system. It defines sexual assault as â€Å"[intentional] sexual contact characterized by use of force, threats, intimidation, or abuse of authority or when the victim does not or cannot consent† (2014). Based on this definition, the rapport states that the number of victims of sexual assault between 2013 and 2014 are as follows: 4,3% for women and 0,9% for men. It also shows that despite the increase in 2012 concerning the number of sexual assault cases against women in the army, there is a decline from 6,1% to 4,3% in 2014 (same as 2010). In simpler terms, women are 5 times more likely to get sexually assaulted than men in the army. These figures imply an aggressiveness against women in particular considering that veteran women make up only 14,5% of the active-duty force (Statistics on Women in the Military, 2011). Some would explain this behavior through the feminist theory; that sexual violence against women is a way for men to reinforce their power, hence label it as a gender issue (Peterson Bailey, 1992; Hagan Peterson, 1995; Baron Straus, 1987). In chapter eight of Crime and Inequality (Hagan Peterson, 1995), the writers explore different surveys and experiments made to prove the relationship between gender inequality and violence against women, especially rape. They argue that such violence is intended to â€Å"keep women in their place† (1995). Clark and Lewis (1997) also argue that in societies where women are regarded as possessions of men, it is more likely that men would exercise their power by forcing and threatening women into sexual activities (cited in Baron Straus, 1987). Although this theory does not relate to women in the army in particular, but it tries to establish the relationship between the socioeconomic inequality between men and women from one hand, and the sexual abuse women suffer from. (Hagan Peterson, 1995). â€Å"The central argument is that rape is rooted in male domination of sociopolitical and economic activities (Williams and Holmes 1981). Thus, rape is expected to be more common where women hold little political or economic power [†¦] and the occupational status of women is inferiorâ€Å" (Peterson Bailey, 1992). In Addition to the view that men assault women sexually to reinforce their power, sexual assault might be attributed to some other causes. One of the main factors which are associated with high risk of rape, in particular, is the work place environment. Veteran women share their sleeping quarters with male soldiers which provide an environment in which the assailant has an easier access. Women also may experience pressure and may be obliged to hear demeaning comments or gestures (Sadler, Booth, Cook, Doebbeling, 2003). According to Pauline Jelinek (2012) in her article â€Å"military alcohol abuse ‘culture’ is now a ‘crisis’.† It is known that drinking alcohol and consuming drugs within the ranks of the military is a ‘culture’, and is considered as an escape from what they experience in the war. However, this has numerous drawbacks such as sexual aggression against veteran women. In fact, it is reported that half of perpetrators in the military are under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of (Sadler, Booth, Cook, Doebbeling, 2003). Man’s tendency to act violently is another factor associated with high rate of rape. This is proven by a meta-analysis of sex difference in physical aggression. It shows that men are more likely to act violently and that 62 per cent of those who are injured by a partner are women (Archer, 2000). This is explained by what Melissa M. McDonald, Carlos David Navarrete and Mark Van Vugt (2012) call â€Å"The male warrior hypothesis.† They argue that men are programmed to act aggressively â€Å"to gain access to mates, territory and increased status.† This tendency to act violently can be interpreted as one major cause of sexual assault. Furthermore, women’s silence increases the rate of rape. This is attributed to barriers to justice where women feel that they are at risk of retaliation by the assailants. In fact, offenders usually outrank the victims and consequently, women are obliged to make a choice between their military career or seeking justice. What is worse is that commanders not only fail to enforce the protection of those women but also they put the blame on women for ruining the careers of â€Å"good soldiers† claiming that this is not â€Å"a big deal† and â€Å"not worth causing conflict in the unit† (Stalsburg, 2011). Despite the existence of sexual crimes in the military, a great number of methods and victim assistance programs have been actually implemented by the American army to prevent the occurrence of such cases. â€Å"Bystander Intervention Training† provided by the Department of Defence is one of the methods that encourages and shows all the service members how â€Å"to intervene safely when they see situations at risk for sexual assault† (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013). Another training that only commanders receive is â€Å"The command training and efforts to address sexual assault† (2013). It teaches commanders to assume an effectual responsibility by adopting certain rules and initiating some directions. It trains therefore high ranked officers to prevent the setting up of â€Å"environments that foster sexual harassment†(2013). As far as the military response to victims is concerned, two major reporting options are available for military members to opt for. The first, the unrestricted reporting option, implies â€Å"criminal investigation in which command and law enforcement are provided with details of the incidents† (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013). The restricted reporting option, on the other hand, provides help for victims in terms of â€Å"medical and healthcare,† but it does not imply an official investigation. This option is made specifically for women who prefer not to reveal the harasser’s identity or to call legally for their rights. In addition to these methods, â€Å"every military installation has a Sexual Assault Response Coordinator (SARC) and at least one Victim Advocate [who is] responsible for connecting victims with appropriate resources and services† (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013). Although several measures have been adopted in the military, most women being raped prefer to be silent and not to uncover the truth. Even though America have the most powerful army in the world, it has in its ranks a secret –an invisible story- that many women won’t dare to reveal. However, in 2012 these women decided to break this silence and speak out in an investigative and a documentary film entitled â€Å"The Invisible War† (2012) which evolved around the sexual assault and harassment in the US military. This film aided these women to uncover the truth, tell their stories and share their experiences. One of these women is ‘Kori Cioca’ who was serving â€Å"in the US coast guard and was stationed in Michigan† and was raped by one of the commander officers back in 2005 (Stebner, 2013). During the aggression and while calling for help, her assaulter hit her and broke her jaw. She didn’t have the courage to report this incident because of the threats she received and the fear of losing her job (Stebner, 2013). In her article â€Å"the Invisible War: New Film Exposes Rape, Sexual Assault Epidemic in U.S Military† Amy Goodman (2012) interviewed Ms. Cioca where she told her horrible story about the aggression. In fact, her superior began by harassing her verbally but she refused these sexual suggestions. She said â€Å"he didn’t rape me because I was pretty or that he wanted to have sex with me; he raped me because he hated me, and he wanted to show me that I wasn’t as great as I thought I was.† This statement can be interpreted in favor of the feminist view of sexual assault discussed earlier. As for the victim, she thought about committing suicide but she changed her mind when she knew that she’s pregnant. Until now, although she feels traumatized and fights everyday to win her right back, she remains hopeful and confident that one day justice will take its course. To sum up, sexual assault against women has been an ‘invisible war’, a blight in the most honorable institution like the U.S. military. Its causes go back to different factors; human nature in general and the environment of the army in particular. The U.S officials and mainly the department of defense have been implementing different measures in the different levels of the armed forces to eliminate this problem. However, what the story of Kori Cioca reveal can imply the limits of such measures and the commitment to stop this sexual aggressiveness against women. References: Archer, J. (2000). Sex Differences in Aggression Between Heterosexual Partners:. Psychological Bulletin, 126(5), 651-680. Retrieved December 2014, from: http://www.batteredmen.com/ArcherSexDifferencesMeta-AnalyticReviewf2000.pdf Baron, L., Straus, M. A. (1987, December). Four Theories of Rape: A Macrosociological Analysis. Social Problems, 34(5). Depatment of Defense. (2014, November 25). Report to the President of the United States on Sexual Assault Prevention and Response. Retrieved December 2014, from The United States Department of Defense: Sexual Assault Prevention and Response.: http://sapr.mil/public/docs/reports/FY14_POTUS/FY14_DoD_Report_to_POTUS_Full_Report.pdf Goodman, A. (2012, janaury 30). The Invisible War: New Film Exposes Rape, Sexual Assault Epidemic in U.S. Military. Retrieved December 2014, from Democracy Now: http://www.democracynow.org/2012/1/30/the_invisible_war_new_film_exposes Hagan, J., Peterson, R. (Eds.). (1995). Crime and Inequality. Stanford, California.: Stanford University Press. Jelinek, P. (2012, september 9). Military Alcohol Abuse Culture Is Now A Crisis, Report Finds. Retrieved December 2014, from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/18/military-alcohol-abuse-drug-drinking_n_1893360.html McDonald, M. M., Navarrete, C. D., Vugt, M. V. (2012, January 23). Evolution and the psychology of intergroup conflict: the male warrior hypothesis. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS B. Retrieved December 2014, from: http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/367/1589/670 Office of the Press Secretary. (2014, January 22). Remarks by the President and Vice President at an Event for the Council on Women and Girls. Retrieved from The White House: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/22/remarks-president-and-vice-president-event-council-women-and-girls Peterson, R. D., Bailey, W. C. (1992, Mai). Rape and Diemnsions of Gender Socioeconomic Inequality in The U.S Metropilitician Area. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29(2), 162-177. Sadler, A. G., Booth, B. M., Cook, B. L., Doebbeling, B. N. (2003). Factors Associated With Women’s Risk of Rape in the Military Environment. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, 43, 262–273. Retrieved December 2014, from: http://www.arlingtonwestsantamonica.org/docs/Sadler_Military_Environment.pdf Statistics on Women in the Military. (2011, September 30). Retrieved December 14, 2014, from The Womens Memorial: http://www.womensmemorial.org/PDFs/StatsonWIM.pdf Stebner, B. (2013, february 13). The Invisible War: Former Coast Guard recruit tells of how horrific rape at hands of commanding officer made her contemplate suicide. Retrieved December 2014, from Mail Online: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2277917/Kori-Cioca-tells-Katie-Couric-horrific-rape-contemplated-suicide.html THE INVISIBLE WAR. (2012). Retrieved december 2014, from the invisible war: http://invisiblewarmovie.com/index.php U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. (2013, September). 2013 Statutory Enforcement Report: Sexual Assault in the Military. Retrieved December 2014, from United States Commission on Civil Rights : http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/09242013_Statutory_Enforcement_Report_Sexual_Assault_in_the_Military.pdf