Live It Up by Lee DeWyze free essay sample

Though Im a fan of the show-American Idol (and this years particular winner), I am not immune to when Idol singers (should) go downhill. Lee DeWyzes Live It Up album may not get the attentionit deserves due to the dramatic decrease of viewers for American Idol. However, Live It Up individualizes Lees unique voice while the lyrics are catchy. This album has a romantic feel, yet is appropriate for both genders and allows you to dance to the music. I recommend listening to Sweet Serendipity when youre feeling down. Sweet Serendipity is the perfect balance between upbeat and calm along with other songs from his album. This song is an inexplicable contradiction listed as my favorite song from the Live It Up album. Although I think highly of Lees album, there are a few songs (I admit) that just slip by while listening. If it wasnt for American Idols low ratings, the Live It Up album could have been a hit, but the show ruined it for him. We will write a custom essay sample on Live It Up by Lee DeWyze or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My top 3 songs: #1- Sweet Serendipity #2- Me and My Jealousy #3- Dear Isabelle

Stereographic Photography

Stereographic Photography Stereographs were a very popular form of photography in the 19th century. Using a special camera, photographers would take two nearly identical images which, when printed side by side, would appear as a three dimensional image when viewed through a set of special lenses called a stereoscope. Millions of stereoview cards were sold and a stereoscope kept in the parlor was a common entertainment item for decades. Images on the cards ranged from portraits of popular figures to comical incidents to spectacular scenic views. When executed by talented photographers, stereoview cards could make scenes appear extremely realistic. For example, a stereographic image shot from a tower of the Brooklyn Bridge during its construction, when viewed with the proper lenses, makes the viewer feel as if they are about to step out on a precarious rope footbridge. The popularity of stereoview cards faded by about 1900. Large archives of them still exist and thousands of them can be viewed online. Many historic scenes were recorded as stereo images by noted photographers including Alexander Gardner and Mathew Brady, and scenes from Antietam and Gettysburg can seem particularly vivid when viewed with the proper equipment that shows off their original 3-D aspect. History of Stereographs The earliest stereoscopes were invented in the late 1830s, but it wasn’t until the Great Exhibition of 1851 that a practical method of publishing stereo images was introduced to the public. Throughout the 1850s the popularity of stereographic images grew, and before long many thousands of cards printed with side-by-side images were being sold. Photographers of the era tended to be businessmen fixated on capturing images that would sell to the public. And the popularity of the stereoscopic format dictated that many images would be captured with stereoscopic cameras. The format was especially suited to landscape photography, as spectacular sites such as waterfalls or mountain ranges would appear to jump out at the viewer. In typical use, stereoscopic images would be viewed as parlor entertainment. In an era before films or television, families would experience what it was like to see distant landmarks or exotic landscapes by passing around the stereoscope. Stereo cards were often sold in numbered sets, so consumers could easily buy a series of views related to a particular theme.   Its apparent by viewing vintage stereoscopic images that photographers would try to choose vantage points which would emphasize the 3-dimensional effect. Some photographs that might be impressive when shot with a normal camera can seem thrilling, if not terrifying, when viewed with the full sterescopic effect. Even serious subjects, including very grim scenes shot during the Civil War, were captured as stereoscopic images. Alexander Gardner used a stereoscopic camera when he took his classic photographs at Antietam. When viewed today with lenses that replicate the three-dimensional effect, the images, especially of dead soldiers in poses of rigor mortis, are chilling. Following the Civil War, popular subjects for stereoscopic photography would have been the construction of the railroads in the West, and the construction of landmarks such as the Brooklyn Bridge. Photographers with stereoscopic cameras made considerable effort to capture scenes with spectacular scenery,   such as Yosemite Valley in California. Stereoscopic photographs even led to the founding of the National Parks. Tales of spectacular landscapes in the Yellowstone region were discounted as rumors or wild tales told by mountain men. In the 1870s stereoscopic images were taken in the Yellowstone region and they were shown to members of Congress. Through the magic of stereoscopic photography skeptical legislators could experience some of the grandeur of Yellowstones majestic scenery, and the argument to preserve the wilderness was thereby strengthened. Vintage stereoscopic cards can be found today at flea markets, antique stores, and online auction sites, and modern lorgnette viewers (which can be purchased through online dealers) make it possible to experience the thrill of 19th century stereoscopes.   Sources: Stereoscopes.  St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol. 4, St. James Press, 2013, pp. 709-711. Brady, Mathew.  UXL Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by Laura B. Tyle, vol. 2, UXL, 2003, pp. 269-270.   Photography.  Gale Library of Daily Life:  American Civil War, edited by Steven E. Woodworth, vol. 1, Gale, 2008, pp. 275-287.

How School Legislation Impacts Teaching and Learning

How School Legislation Impacts Teaching and Learning School legislation includes any federal, state, or local regulation that a school, its administration, teachers, staff, and constituents are required to follow. This legislation is intended to guide administrators and teachers in the daily operations of the school district. School districts sometimes feel inundated by new mandates. Sometimes a well-intended piece of legislation may have unintended negative ramifications. When this occurs, administrators and teachers should lobby the governing body to make changes or improvements to the legislation. FederalSchool Legislation Federal laws include the Family Educations Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), No Child Left Behind (NCLB), the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and many more. Each of these laws must be adhered to by virtually every school in the United States. Federal laws exist as a common means to address a substantial issue. Many of these issues involve the infringement of student rights and were enacted to protect those rights. StateSchool Legislation State laws on education vary from state to state. An education-related law in Wyoming may not be an enacted law in South Carolina. State legislation related to education often mirror the controlling parties core philosophies on education. This creates a myriad of varying policies across states. State laws regulate issues such as teacher retirement, teacher evaluations, charter schools, state testing requirements, required learning standards, and much more. School Boards At the core of every school district is the local school board. Local school boards have the power to create policies and regulations specifically for their district. These policies are constantly revised, and new policies may be added yearly. School boards and school administrators must keep track of the revisions and additions so that they are always in compliance. New School Legislation Must Be Balanced In education, timing does matter. In recent years schools, administrators, and educators have been bombarded with well-intended legislation. Policymakers must be attentively aware of the volume of education measures allowed to move forward each year. Schools have been overwhelmed with the sheer number of legislative mandates. With so many changes, it has been almost impossible to do any one thing well. Legislation at any level must be rolled out in a balanced approach. Trying to implement a plethora of legislative mandates makes it almost impossible to give any measure a chance to be successful. Children Must Remain the Focus School legislation at any level should only be passed if there is comprehensive research to prove that it will work. A policymakers first commitment in regards to education legislation is to the children in our education system. Students should benefit from any legislative measure either directly or indirectly. Legislation that will not positively impact students should not be allowed to move forward. Children are Americas greatest resource. As such, the party lines should be wiped away when it comes to education. Education issues should be exclusively bi-partisan. When education becomes a pawn in a political game, it is our children who suffer.

Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Obesity - Essay Example Over the last centuries, research indicated that obesity was related to rich households where food was in plenty thus individuals could afford to overindulge. However, recent studies have shown a deviation from the traditional perspective where the findings indicate that households with higher risks of obesity were the poorest families in the United Kingdom (UK). This can be attributed to the fact that poor families are not in a position to afford adequate and nutritious diets. They instead tend to buy junk food, which is relatively cheaper and convenient because some nutritious diets require time to prepare and other accompaniments. This paper aims at discussing the title ‘In Western society, the poor are now for the first time in history, proportionately the most obese portion of the population’. Obesity generally translates to having too much body fat, which contributes to their being overweight. Obesity leads to reduced life expectancy because of the health risks it exposes people to like diabetes type 1 and 2, hypertension, heart disease and cancer. Obesity is caused by the consumption of excessive high-energy food intake, lack of physical activity and through genetic susceptibility although this is rare phenomena. Lack of physical exercise and adequate diets are leading causes of obesity. Consumption of low quality diets rich in energy and sugar content lead to accumulation of fat in tissues and consequent weight gain (Murphy 22). Lack of physical activity that is encouraged by a sedentary lifestyle contributes to lack of exercise. All of these factors combined, result in reduced morbidity of an obese individual because their weight becomes too much to bear. Their legs become swollen due accumulation of water caused by stress subjected to them by the excess weight. Obesity is a leading killer condition in the world, but it does not kill directly, it is the health risks that being obese one expose to, that cause death. The sad fact is that it is a preventable and treatable condition, but it continues to kill millions of people every year all over the world. The most effective mode of preventing obesity is leading a healthy lifestyle by consuming nutritious diets and maintaining proper physical health through exercise. Treatment of obesity follows the same principles applied in prevention, which are the most effective, and user friendly. There are other methods, which are considered extreme by some people, and they include surgery to remove excess body fat. Liposuction is such a surgical procedure where excess fat if sucked from an individual’s abdomen. The best way to manage obesity is by dieting which means consuming food that is low on high energy and sugars, and instead increase intake of vegetables and fruits. Physical health is also a vital component of managing obesity. Earlier research studies indicated that obesity was a condition associated with the rich, people of affluence. During the middle ages in Eur ope, rich people were revered for being obese, and it was an accepted norm, which represented their stature. In countries like Japan and China, obesity was referred to as the disease of the opulent in society. In more recent times, research studies have established a changing trend in the prevalence of obesity among rich households. The trend has changed from rich families having individuals who are obese to poor families having people who are obese. This

Hydrogen fuel cell technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hydrogen fuel cell technology - Essay Example Because of this, hydrogen stored in tanks of any construction will evaporate at an approximate rate two percent per 24 hours. As hydrogen gas penetrates a container, it initiates structural changes which cause the metal to become increasingly brittle. Another concern is the size of fuel tanks necessary to carry hydrogen fuel. To substitute the energy capability delivered by 20 gallons of gasoline would require approximately 62,000 gallons of hydrogen gas. To this point, low-density compressed hydrogen is used to power automobiles, which does not allow for the same range as does gasoline. Additionally, compressed hydrogen carries the risk of leaking through fuel tanks or escaping from the result of an accident thus causing an explosion. The Hindenburg incident is an example of the volatility of hydrogen gas. Liquefied hydrogen stores in a much smaller space, 60 gallons equates to 15 gallons of gasoline. However, there are the impediments to the storage of liquid hydrogen. It is a very cold substance, enough cold enough to freeze air (Romm, 2000). This frigidity quality plugs up valves in lines that carry the liquid hydrogen which has caused accidents in experimental vehicles. However, the rate of energy return is certain to improve as research continues. Other research has found that powdered metal hybrid compositions used for storage tanks allows for less volatility of hydrogen but are far heavier than conventional tanks (Romm, 2000).

Will - Hobsons Choice Essay Example for Free

Will Hobsons Choice Essay Despite the disliking of the sisters, it is told that Will remarks that he rather likes it. He also adds a long, pleasant comment about kissing nice women. This already shows how his attitude is changing towards making contact with other people. On the other hand, I think the writer hints the presence of dramatic irony in a subtle way. In the times when the play was written, the male in the family were almost always superior; especially because women did not have equal rights. However, throughout the rest of the play, Will is obviously shown to be controlled by Maggie all the time. Just as the couple prepares to leave for their wedding, Maggie asks Will for his honest opinion of their marriage, and if he wants to marry her at all. Will reassures her that his mind is made up, which pleases her; but as he carries on talking, Maggie intercepts as soon as he says the word resigned. I understood the word resigned as that he accepted their marriage with a little reluctance. Moreover, there may be some positiveness to his speech as Will says he will say Yes to the parsons questions at the church. Furthermore, Will answers Maggie by the phrase Yes, Maggie. This reminds us again, the dominance of Maggie over Will. I think that there is a big difference in Will, comparing Act 2 and 3 of the play. At the beginning of Act 3, Will gives a toast to the guests of the dinner after the wedding. In contrast to his usual speeches, he gives an impressively long speech. Although, it is still evident that he has not yet perfectly mastered his reading skills. As Will struggles to read a word in the middle of his speech, Maggie interrupts in an undertone, and he carries on. Moreover, Will is shown to have been stammering all throughout his speech. However, I think that this is an amazing improvement in his educational side, as it is told at the very beginning that Will is not fully literate, and that he cannot write. After his speech, he is complimented by numerous guests, and it is told that Maggie has been educating Will. This can be shown as Wills first change by the influence of Maggie, his wife. Likewise, the major consequence of Will and Maggie moving out of the Hobsons family house would be in the introduction of Act 3. In the first paragraph, the sentence William Mossop, Practical Bootmaker, stands out. It is said that the phrase is shown on each window of their cellars. This shows Will has become a master of a boot shop of his own. Although in a small scale, this is an enormous change in Wills life. As he owns a shop, he is now able to earn how much he deserves as a good boot-maker, and therefore feel confident, and complacent about himself. Following the wedding dinner, Will is left with some male characters alone at the shop. At this point, Wills reluctance of being left with Maggie alone is shown through his speech, fond of company. However, this is later shown as a positive reluctance of his shyness of being with Maggie, which could also mean that he has started to recognize his loving feelings towards Maggie. This is confirmed by the other characters suggesting that he is shy of his wife, and Will admitting it afterwards. There is also a happy laughter in the middle, which suggests that Will has developed socially. Moreover, his phrase above is an enormous difference to Will at the beginning of the play. This is presumably because Will is much less inhibited than he used to be. I think his speech shows a little of his increased interest of interacting with other people as well. A crucial scene to support that Will has changed in his characteristics would be when Henry visits the couples cellar for the first time. As Henry is knocking on the door, Maggie quickly reminds Will that he is the gaffer at their place. In other words, she is encouraging him to have confidence in himself as much as he can, as he is the master at the shop. To acknowledge this to Henry, Maggie asks Will if she could allow him inside the shop, and Will answers loudly and boldly. This is presumably an awkward situation for Henry, as he had been Wills master when he was at the Hobsons boot shop. Those two words indicate how pompous and in-control he sounds, especially to Hobson, as he also speaks very much like a master. In truth, Will may be a little nervous inside, confronting Henry in this way; however he decides to hide his weakness. By the end of Act 3 of the play, the celebrations of their wedding are coming to an end, and it is the couples first night together. Maggie is already in the bedroom, and Will has a little moment alone in the living room. He repeatedly walks back and forth to the bedroom door as he hesitates whether he should go in, or not; also looking shyly at the door. In the end, he decides to lie on the sofa, to sleep in the living room. Nevertheless, Will gives occasional glances at the bedroom door. This indicates his mixed feelings about their first night after marriage. I think it could mean his coyness, but mainly uneasiness of not being brave enough to go into the bedroom. I think the most hilarious part shown in the play, about the couple, is when Maggie brings Will into the bedroom. As Maggie approaches Will, it is said that she grabs him by the ear to return to the bedroom. This shows that Maggie is still the dominant of the couple. Although Will has changed a lot in his personality, it is generally seen that he remains being absolutely obedient to Maggie as much as a loving husband would do to his wife. Henry, the eldest character of the play, is seen to be unwell. As he is rejected by his other daughters, Maggie is left with the responsibility of taking care of him. Moreover, it is decided that the couple will move into the Hobsons house. Because of that, there is an argument between Henry and Will about the boot shop. Although Henry is presently the master of the shop, Will also is the master of his own shop. The typically selfish Henrys character is shown here, as he offers Will the old job and the old wage of 18 shillings a week. Ignoring the ungenerous offer, Will offers Henry a choice of being taken in partnership or not being taken care by the couple. The couple discusses the name for the shop without Henrys agreement, and there is another argument as he interrupts with strong dissatisfaction. Although it does not seem obvious at start, there is a sense of dramatic irony, when Maggie is speaking against Will in order to test if he is brave enough to stand up to Henry. When Henry has gone, Will shows us the innocent side of him, asking Did I sound confident, Maggie? Despite Maggies praises, Will admits that he trembled in his shoes, which makes the readers smile, to see the old Will again. Moreover, it is seen that Will does not call Maggie by the name Miss anymore, which suggests their intimate relationship. Another evidence to support the closeness of Will and Maggie are in the following scene. It is told that Maggie was married to Will with a brass ring. Brass rings, in those days, were very cheap and undecorated, often used by the poorer people. I could describe Maggie as being thrifty, although the wedding ring must still be very meaningful for her. Will mentions that he has some improvements to work on, meaning to surprise Maggie with a new ring. However, Maggie refuses for the reason mentioned above. The following scene of Will, when he kisses her indicates a mutual love between the couple at last. I think this is a significant change in Will, which happened as he gradually recognized Maggies affectionate feelings. From this, you can see how enormously Will have changed, and how he was influenced by other characters and his environment. I have been deeply impressed by how much Will have improved in diverse sides of his characteristics. However, throughout the story, there is one part of him that does not change at all. That would be his typical speech, By Gum! Lower 5 17/05/07 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Darkness Joseph Conra

Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" Joseph Conrad's novel "Heart of Darkness" written in 1902 is an overwhelming chronicle of Marlow's journey into the heart of the African continent. It is one of the most influential novels of the twentieth century. In this ghastly and horrific tale, Marlow leads an expedition up the Congo River, only to find everything is not as it seems. This haunting and mysterious story takes him into the unbearable core of the jungle. The novel also explores trade and exploration, imperialism and colonization. The use of darkness means several things in this book. It is used in the title, as "Heart of Darkness" many people doesn't understand the book, or the meaning it brings with it. I feel that the title represents much more, it has many meanings. The first being, the darkness and evil of somebody. In the book, the evil comes out of Marlow and Kurtz, as they get deeper into the jungle, the more evilness comes out from inside their hearts. I think that Conrad is trying to show us, that everyone is the same, until they get somewhere else an...

‘America’ by Jean Baudrillard

During the dawning of the new age, America has always fascinated foreigners with its magnificence and grandeur as if alluring then to come and explore its endless possibilities. Even philosophers of arts and sciences as well as well known personalities in the field of literature describe their American travel as exciting and memorable. They are all captivated by the country’s vast wide open spaces, people’s culture and advances in technology.One of France’s leading philosophers Jean Baudrillard, well known for his postmodernism and mysterious philosophical views on historical and present events was also captivated by America’s great elements of cultures and advancement. Baudrillard became more encouraged to launch his own travel when he learned of French philosopher Tocqueville’s American journey. And so in the mid-1980s, Baudrillard made his own travelogue and documented his findings in his book, America (1988).This book was originally written in F rench and presented Baudrillard’s observations of American culture, advancement in civilization as well as the illness of America itself. According to him, what can be read from this book is merely his observation on his visit and should not be taken seriously but not necessarily for granted. Baudrillard was known for his witty and opposing views which he clearly shown from his other writings.His use of metaphor and linguistic style may not be so common to everybody but reading his lines altogether and understanding his motives will bring you to conclusion that he was really an observer and a critic with extra-ordinary perception on events (Baudrillard, 1989) Most part of the book talk about some of the states he visited as well as his discovery of the people, what is within them and how they live in their societies. One can notice his astonishment with America which he wrote in his most charmed but satirical manner.Part of the book which described best what America is all ab out was â€Å"Astral America†. On this section, he said that being in America was like being in the land of Utopia where everybody seems to be living in their blissful society, complete with amenities, freedom and the advantages using the latest technology. The book America also discusses many significant observations and his analysis which he put in many sections such as Vanishing Point, New York, Utopia Achieved, The End of US Power and Desert For Ever and Astral America.Astral America described the highest point where America already has its lead in innovations, extensive urbanization and great industrialization among other industrialized nations. Although Europe was already enhanced in terms of industrialization during the 1980s , America has always been the leader in the aspect of economic advantage. This probably encouraged Baudrillard to travel to America and see deeply for himself the status of a grand nation that is continually moving and upgrading itself to be more secured and independent.Reading Astral America, you could feel Baudrillard’s awe for America’s vast territory and its advancement in many angles. Its modern populations spread among great cities and lands where everybody lives in glorious days. His description of this nation was of a prosperous country where Disneyland is a place people from all over the world want to visit. Furthermore, he said that you could find in this nation the perfect combination of entertainment and fantasy. Everybody do their job with their modern machines and the use of their technology for entertainment is endless.As he was quoted on following: Astral America. The lyrical nature of pure circulation.. As against the melancholy of European analyses†¦ The exhilaration of obscenity, the obscenity of obviousness, the obviousness of power, the power of simulation†¦Sideration. Star-blasted, horizontally by the car, altitudinally by the plane, electronically by television, geologically by deserts, stereolithically by the megalopoloi, transpolitically by the power game, the power museum that American has become for the whole world (Baudrillard, 1989, p. 27).However, throughout his American travel, Baudrillard made the impression that he was conscious of his status as a European because of the comparison on what he saw. In between the lines, he described Europe as an inescapably old, ethnic, contrived, confined and accustomed with lesser modernization wherein he view America as more than the reality, formed into a vast realization of cultures and colorful depiction of replication from different cultures. Such as on the following excerpts: Why should I go and decentralize myself in France, in the ethnic and the local, which are merely the shreds and vestiges of centrality?I want to excentre myself, to become eccentric, but I want to do so in a place that is the centre of the world. And, in this sense, the latest fast-food outlet, the most banal suburb, the blandest of g iant American cars or the most insignificant cartoon-strip majorette is more at the centre of the world than any of the cultural manifestations of old Europe (Baudrillard, 1989) But Baudrillard also declared some critical views about America. Here, he said that other Europeans see the grand nation as a land of barbarism. That although it was a great nation full of life and abound with opportunities, it has also its own disease and flaws.In Astral America, he does not see America as all glory although it is unlike Europe that had its dark historical days on wars. He sees America as a vast desert where culture, politics and gender are in a state of commotion. There is also hunger, internal conflict, discrimination and prejudice. He wrote that: America always gives me a feeling of ascetism. Culture, politics – and sexuality too – are seen exclusively in terms of the desert, which here assumes the status of a primal scene†¦Even the body, by an ensuing effect of undern ourishment, takes on a transparent form, lightness near to complete disappearance.Everything around me suffers this same desertification (Baudrillard, 1989). Even at the rural sides of America, the grandest of homes and the beauty of the landscapes cannot hide the over simplicity that is embracing the monotonous life of the American people. Thus the Utopian dream cannot be in full reality itself but only a temporary solace from the harshness of the Western life. America after all is not free of problems but unlike other nations it is undeniably one big nation that faces its problem head on. As Baudrillard was quoted on the following: On the aromatic hillsides of Santa Barbara, the villas are all like funeral homes.Between the gardenias and the eucalyptus tress, among the profusion of plant genuses and the monotony of the human species, lies the tragedy of a utopia dream made reality†¦This is America’s problem and, through America, it has become the whole world’s p roblem †¦(Baudrillard, 1989), p. 30) But even as Baudrillard’s depiction of life to the harsh environment of the Americans, he said they can take setbacks squarely. That even in war one can observe their presence of mind is always intact. Also he never failed to observe America’s ruler and their influence on their people.Nevertheless, he also took notice of American politics as well as he sees political power in America as a uniting factor which binds people in one great nation. Although he never mentioned of France’ leaders in America as well as its absence on the section on Astral America, his discussion with America’s leaders did signify that there is also a difference between his country’s rulers as well as America’s political leaders. His mentioned of America’s leaders as they influence the whole America in their fight for freedom and justice were properly justified.In Astral America, he wrote some lines on the countryâ€⠄¢s leader’s influence on their people. As he wrote that: The smile of immunity, the smile of advertising: â€Å"This country is good. I am good. We are the best†. It is also Reagan’s smile – the culmination of the self-satisfaction of the entire American nation – which is on the way to becoming the sole principle of government (Baudrillard, 1989). In terms of advancement, Baudrillard’s depicted America’s perfect expansion of technology with the latest use of transportation and communication.Cities were alive with people and modern structures. All kinds of recreations and sports are there recognizing it as the power museum of the world. He even asks himself why he should stay in France and be with the shadow of France when he can even stay in America and do what the Americans do. But comes here comes Baurillard’s strict observation. He theorized that America could just be a dream or a reality. He said that although he considers this country much like Utopia where everything may be in realistic and in unrealistic state he only see its population as if living in simulation.They can be the model of lesser nations and ideal material of the modern world but they also have flaws and infirmities. He further discusses that America was like a giant hologram as if all information is contained in one whole element and holds everything in place. For example, every state from every direction offered the same services as he delightfully stated: America is neither dream nor reality. It is a hyperreality. It is a hyperreality because it is a utopia which has behaved from the very beginning as though it were already achieved.Everything here is real and pragmatic, and yet it is all the stuff of dreams, too†¦The Americans, for their part, have no sense of simulation. They are themselves the simulation†¦(Baudrillard, 1989). The book America also talks about the hostility of the Wild West, the dazzling sound of the jazz, the vacant and morbid deserts of the South-West, the neon lights of the motels and gang warfare in New York City. He also sees America as a vast empty space with savage and mixed-cultured people populating the cities.In short, he sees America as an advance nation existing with all its special effects but taking a deeper look inside its system is a hollow society living in an artificial world. During his class film lectures, he always discusses about the Vietnam War in the 1960s. He claimed that in reality, America did not win the war on the ground but only paralyzed the small Asian country. Although the US was always portrayed as victorious such as on popular movies like The Apocalypse Now and Platoon, accordingly these films did not significantly depicted reality but were made only for entertainment with the use of modern cinematography.From the French journal Liberation, Baudrillard stated that the 1991 Gulf War did not actually take place. That everything people have seen o n TV was only â€Å"hyperreal images† created and manipulated by no less than the newest technology on cinematography. That America has only made a perfect visual art that artificially portrayed realism to achieve a striking and realistic effect but actually did not presented the real photographic representation of what is behind the event.Throughout the 1990s, almost all of Baudrillard’s work focus on hyperreality theme of the postmodern culture and yet his writings are sometimes disjointed and aphoristic. To simply said, his works expresses his own opinion or even the general truth but not necessarily the reality itself. On the 20th of November 2005, Deborah Solomon of the New York Times Magazine interviewed the French philosopher regarding some background and belief of the archetype â€Å"French† intellectual. Solomon wants to dig deeper to discover what is behind the man’s quality as a journalist and a philosopher.From the interview, Baudrillard alway s respond with alertness and proudly discussed his philosophical views on life, the realities of war, and the attitude of man toward logical thinking and simple reasoning. Although the interview leads to a seemingly ridiculous question such as how he believes that the US invasion of Iraq was to spread freedom and not war, Baudrillard answered his most rhetoric answer. He stated that: What we want is to put the rest of the world on the same level of masquerade and parody that we are on, to put the rest of the world into simulation, so all the world becomes total artifice and then we are all-powerful.It's a game (cited by Parker, 2005). This led to Solomon’s conclusion that Baudrillard’s ideas although are unfathomable at first glance, they are however most fascinating and compelling. That this man who uses his intellect to surmise and analyzed things in his most amusing and bewildered manner was a serious man. He normally uses words like â€Å"hyperreal† and â₠¬Å"transistorize† to commonly describe on what he believes in. Baudrillard writes with a kind of unstoppable electric lyricism that is fast-paced but transparent. He diced his statements with jargon and sometimes uses technological idiom that provides his prose a metaphorical suppleness.His accounts which he diligently introduced in his book America were put through most depictive and striking description while identifying the facets of the modern American life. Of New York for example, he wrote that: It is a world completely rotten with wealth, power, senility, indifference, puritanism, and mental hygiene, poverty and waste, technological futility and aimless violence, and yet I cannot help but feel it has about it something of the dawning of the universe (Parker, 2005). His great influence on literature can also be seen on the blockbuster movie â€Å"The Matrix†.Filmmakers Andy and Larry Wachowski picked the idea when they discover of Baudrillard’s book â€Å" Simulacra and Simulation†. Although Baudrillard do not like the idea that his work would be represented in a film that is not real, he said that the scheme of using his work was not properly advised and called for. Some people consider his works as unbiased literature that are constantly intriguing while they cross the borders of normal criticisms. Mr. Baudrillard tackled different subjects ranging from race and gender, art and literature, to the present day trauma such as the September 11 terrorism.Although his comments are openly misquoted and misunderstood they altogether sparked controversy. Nevertheless he was clearly known as more than an observer with alarming analytical mind and always opinionated with his own subliminal eccentricity. The editor for Lire literary magazine Francois Busnel said of Mr. Baudrillard that he was unique in his own ways because he is very independent in his ideas and does not take sides. Considered as a postmodern guru of our time, his observa tion and analysis of today’s society emanate from his own distinction to shape in with any theoretical category.Wearing thick glasses, his look emanates a warm personality although many know him for his black humor and witty aphorisms. He was always quoted for his postulation of today’s world where everyone lived in his simulated world that the real thing has vanished and everything was replaced with artificial feelings and situations. As a proof that things were getting unreal in our world were the establishment of shopping malls, amusement parks, sensationalized TV programs and news programs. Television shows and films are only animated by no less than actors devoid of authenticity and meaning.He always advises the media that the pursue for reality cannot be truly accomplished because the world today abounds with illusions. His interview in 2005 by no less than The New York Times was all about his beliefs on today’s values and the need for freedom. Baudrillard was quoted that all of man’s values are simulated and that freedom was the most abused of all the given privileges. That anybody have a choice between buying material things because it is a simulation of freedom. He also criticized the practice of the consumers in which they buy material things out of necessity but of the status and label on the product.Again, as we refer in his travelogue Astral America which he originally wrote in 1986, he was remembered writing that America has all the simulated freedom in purchasing and having things that is not really necessary. For him, America’s advantage in terms of product availability is the original version of modernity as the French were just a copy with subtitles. He could be implying that although America having to exist in complete state of unreality was still adored and looked upon by no less than another great nation as France.Although he was always aloof and shunned media most of the time, his articles can frequently be found on newspapers in Paris. â€Å"The Spirit of Terrorism: And Requiem for the Twin Towers† was one of his recognized writings which he made in dedication of the 9/11 attack. He argued that through creating self reality, the Islamic fundamentalists have made their own simulation that the West would constantly be their targets for terrorism. Baudrillard was oftentimes branded as obscure, indifferent and reversely opinionated because he was unlike other postmodernists as he always disagrees with simple reasoning.Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont, both author and publisher of the 1998 book Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals’ Abuse of Science also have something to say on Baudrillard’s attitude and comments. They said that, â€Å"if the texts seem incomprehensible, it is for the excellent reason that they mean precisely nothing† (Cohen, 2007). But the French critic does not give a damn on such acid remark. He said that, â€Å"what I’m goi ng to write will have less and less chance of being understood but that’s my problem† (Cohen, 2007),On March 6 this year Jean Baurillard died in Paris of long time illness at the age of 77. The internationally celebrated and influential French intellectual who achieved world fame for his rhetoric that is always incomprehensible by the simplest of mind and the author of more than 50 books left a vacant space in the midst of a denser and over-apocalyptic mesh of misunderstood scenarios. A legend of his own kind, he will never be forgotten by those who believe in his underlying principles and unusual philosophical views (Cohen, 2007).Jean Baudrillard may not be so popular to many because of his indifference to the common postmodernist literary figures. But upsetting common analysis of a situation through independent reasoning and protracted logic somewhat separated him from the ordinary that are overused and boring. We may never see one like him in our modern age but someb ody might dare to be different in reasoning just like him and might also provide us a more in-depth perception of things and events.His book America provides us the view on how an intellectual personality like Jean Baurillard sees America from different perspective. In Astral America he introduced us more with a deeper understanding on how a European see America as a modern world but full of artificial elements that produces artificial excitement. Although his intention in writing this travelogue was only to write about a simple travelling experience, many considered this literature as his way to present America to the people in Europe what in reality America is.References Baudrillard, J. (1989). America: Verso. Book. http://books. google. com/books? id=73CCg_I_rKsC&pg=PA27&dq=Jean+Baudrillard+Astral+America&sig=RRWmj6kYLk-pDpemPyPahbeMouk Cohen, P. (2007, March 7, 2007). Jean Baudrillard, 77, Critic and Theorist of Hyperreality, Dies The New York Times from http://www. nytimes. com /2007/03/07/books/07baudrillard. html? _r=1&oref=slogin Parker, H. (2005). Old Europe, Astral America On Jean Baudrillard, Nassau Weekly. Magazine. http://www. nassauweekly. com/view_article. php? id=408.

Fermentaion

Dilution is achieved by controlling the flow of process water from the dilution tank TUB 1201 into the mixer GAL. 1230. Process water flow rate is controlled to achieve the desired density of the mixed solution. The now diluted C-molasses solution flows into the vapor condensate EAI 1204, where it is preheated by the condensing hot water vapor from the flash tank TUB 1203. The solution is preheated to about 75 to ICC. The preheated solution flows into the hydrothermal GAL. 1231 where the temperature s increased to between 85 to ICC, using the 7 – lobar saturated steam as a heating medium.The then heated solution enters the cyclone IF 210. The cyclone is responsible for removing solid purities that may be present in the concentrated C- molasses. The discharge valve on the cyclone will open periodically to dislodge the cyclone. The diluted, heated and now ‘cleaned' C-molasses then flows into the intermediate/ Buffer Tank TUB 1202. The tank is equipped with a level indicato r control that controls the flow out of this tank maintaining a desired level set point. The stream is then pumped out into the second hydro heater GLOBAL where the temperature is increased to between 121 to ICC, using the 7 – lobar saturated steam.The hydro heater GAL. 1232 is equipped with highly delicate temperature indicator controller; this temperature control is a Critical Control Point. When the temperature drops below ICC, the sterilizer will go into recirculation and will stop feeding forward to the sterile tanks. This is designed to prevent Coli and C. Botulism to enter the sterile tanks. These are harmful micro-organisms that are not suitable to fermentation and human consumption. The heated solution then flows through the retention coils and into flash tank TUB 1203. The flow through the retention coils is controlled at a backslappers of kappa.The coils are interchangeable since there are two coils, one online and the other on standby. The flash tank is kept under vacuum – 35 to -kappa by using the vacuum system. The flash tank TUB 1203 is protected from over-pressuring by pressure relief valve installed into the vacuum system. The vapor leaving the flash tank is condensed by incoming diluted C-molasses in EAI 1240 and forming condensate that flows to the inch separator vessel. This separator easel separates liquid from vapor and also forms a barometric seal into the seal pot. L.DEVELOP DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR THE EFFICIENT OPERATION OF THE PLANT/ SECTION OF PLANT UNDER CONSIDERATION. The diagnostic tool for the efficient operation is a system developed for better and safe way of operating a system. These processes include daily maintenance to ensure that a system is performing at its best. There a programs that is designed for each operation of the plant to maintain stability and safety operation through monitoring. There are alarms installed in the plant to alarm operators of deviation from normal operation of the plant.Deviations can b e of process out of specification and danger alarms of hazards in the plant. At Anchor Yeast Durban the company has a dedicated and well developed system of monitoring deviation throughout the plant operation for the efficient operation. There are DOCS and software such as Aurora. Aurora is used for daily operation maintenance and keeping records of the plant operation. Without these systems the plant will be a danger to employees and the surrounding environment. These tools assist in managing and implementing efficient ways of operation of the plant.With the tools it is possible to determine and strategies the optimal peak operation for the plant in the next hour of operation and for the 24 hour of operation. They provide demand response strategy for emergency situations, such as extreme unwanted condition of the plant operation. With these the company always adheres to maintains high standard of delivery to its customers, through meeting schedule timing for the production and safe ty and cost efficient way of saving energy. Fault Tree Analysis is a broadly used deductive method for the efficient operation of the plant in designs and daily operations to minimize costF. HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY (HAZARD) OF THE PROCESS OR PART OF THE PROCESS UNDER CONSIDERATION. Hazard and Operability study is the method in which a multi – discipline team performs a systematic study of a process to identify hazard and problems which prevents efficient operation. The technique is applied to new plant development and existing Operations for better and safe Operation. The method is also applied to continuous and batch process. The study provides opportunities to engineers to let their imaginations go free and think of all possible ways in which a hazard or operating problems might arise.Engineers have to ask themselves the following questions when performing HAZED study: What can go wrong? This is the first and most important stage in any hazard study, is to identify the most important things that can go wrong and produce accidents or operating problems. What will be the consequences? Engineers need to know the consequences to employees, members of the public (community), plant and profits, now and in the long term. How can it be prevented? – Safeguard Engineers need to administer controls that will prevent accidents from occurring, or make them less probable and protect people from the consequences.What should be done? – Solution At this stage engineers weigh their options to resolving the accidents, by comparing the risk (that is, the probability times the consequences) with generally accepted codes and standards or with other risk around them. Is it worth the cost? Engineers should compare the cost of prevention with the cost of the accident to see if the remedy (solution) is reasonably practical or they should look for a cheaper but efficient solution. Prevention At this point engineers have come up with a solution but before comm encing to put the solution in motion they should assess their solution, I. Perhaps their method of prevention has disadvantages and better methods of prevention should be suggested. Figure 1: Hazed Procedure [Figure 2. 1, Peg. 9: Hazed and Hazard Identifying and Assessing Process Industry Hazards, Tremor Klutz 3rd Edition] P. PROBLEM SOLUTION TO A CUSTOMER REQUEST (TECHNICAL REPORT) Unhappy customers are bad news for the company and the business. It takes one unhappy customer to steer away prospective customers away from the company. Unhappy customers have their reasons. Some customers have unrealistic expectations and some they Just don't feel well with the business.We must be hones some customers complaint are legitimate and realistic and we as the suppliers we must attend to their complainants with honesty and integrity to build on good customer relationship. Whatever the cause, unhappy customers are our hope for future business and we want them happy again for the business. Cust omer may not always be right but he or she will always be the customer we want and need. So we need to take care of our customer and take control of their complaints and them to our own advantage. There are seven (7) steps in resolving customer complaint which eave proven to work well. . Listen Intently: Listen to customer and do not interrupt while telling you a complaint. They need to tell their story and feel that they have been heard. 2. Thank Them: Thank the customer for bring the problem to your attention. You cannot resolve a problem that you do not have full details about or solve it on assumptions. 3. Apologies: Sincerely convey to your customer and apology. This is not the time to make Justification and making excuses. You apologies, that's it. 4. Seek the Best Solution: Determine what the customer is seeking as a solution, Ask the customer. Reach Agreement: Seek to agree to the solution that will resolve the problem to their satisfaction. 6. Take Quick Action: Act on the problem with a sense of urgency. Customer will respond positively to your focus on helping them immediately. 7. Follow Up: Follow up to make sure that the customer is completely satisfied. TYPICAL CUSTOMER REQUEST AND SOLUTION At anchor yeast we have customers all over the country and across the border. Customer happiness is very valuable to the company and any complaint is attended with urgency and caution.As one of largest yeast making company in South African, e are always under pressure to deliver on time and meet our customer wants and needs, and still performing to our utmost in producing high quality yeast. There are trucks coming in the plant to collect cream yeast and deliver to customers. One of the company that we always work with very closely is Anchor Yeast Johannesburg were most of the cream yeast produced at Anchor Yeast Durban is transported to, for further applications. There are Unitarians coming on daily basis to collect the product.Delays are very stressing the r elationship between the two companies. The Unitarians ruckus come from Johannesburg Debug) with molasses to Durban Anchor Yeast. The molasses is a raw material that is used to make yeast. When the trucks come on site they first have to go to the company's weighbridge before being offloaded. After being weighed the truck is offloaded either Tank offloading point or at the HTML offloading point. Offloading of the truck takes three (3) hours maximum then truck goes back to be weighed. After the truck has been weighed, it goes to the CHIP (Clean In Place) point to be Caped.Coping is a process where the truck is being clean using chlorinated water and Caustic. This process takes one hour (1 her). After the CHIP the truck is ready to be loaded with cream yeast. The loading process takes one hour (1 her). Then after that the truck is ready to go back to Judder with the product. Customer Complaint: Unitarians tankers are taking to long at Anchor Yeast Durban to turn around back to Anchor Ju dder. Possible causes of delays: At Anchor Yeast Durban there are three companies that come on site to deliver molasses.The Subs Hertz Borders Trucks (GHB) and Gridiron Terminal Trucks and local delivery trucks that that transports cream yeast to Durban based customers ND other customers across the country. When the Unitarians trucks from Judder comes onsite to deliver molasses there are always trucks waiting, loading or offloading molasses. There are only two offloading points at the company. Unitarians have to wait for other trucks which came before to finish offloading and loading. The trucks can sometimes wait for over three hours depending on the number of trucks offloading. Sometimes production of cream yeast is very slow.That means every time the trucks arrives onsite to collect cream yeast, they wait because not enough cream yeast has been produced. The company having to aware of the complaint from the Anchor Yeast Johannesburg, the company came with solutions to the complai nt. There was a spreadsheet that was made to record the times the Unitarians come onsite and time finished to offload the truck. The spreadsheet included also the time it took to load a truck. With regard to running low on cream yeast there was a production time table set for everyday that how much needs to be produced and how much will be transported to Judder on daily basis.The number of other truck companies bring molasses was reduced to avoid Unitarians trucks to wait for other trucks to finish. It was also suggested that Unitarians trucks given first priority when comes to offloading. This meant when Unitarians is onsite and there is a truck waiting to be offloaded, the Unitarians truck will offload before the truck to avoid delays. The plant efficiency was increased and more of product was produced and made available for the Unitarians to transport. The implement solution has been running fro couple months now and been evaluated. The solution has been found to be working well and keeping the customer happy.Thought at the beginning the other companies were not happy with Unitarians having o bypass their trucks, but after some negotiations the other companies have come to accept the terms.

Literature Review

Literature Review Henri Fayol is a prominent theorist in the realms of management and other related fields. He proposed a conceptual model widely applied in organizational and business management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review Henri Fayol specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his book of â€Å"Administration Industrielle et Generale,† Fayol described an array of management principles that have immensely contributed in the organizational management (Brunsson 2008, p. 35). Precisely, despite various criticisms that have been elicited from different theorists and scholars, Fayol models are still widely used. Established and well-performing businesses and organizations have attributed their effective performance and success to the Fayol principles. In his theory, Fayol outlined five basic functions inherent to management. The basic management functions described by Fayol in his theory include planning, organizing , and commanding. Additionally, Fayol identifies coordinating and controlling as other basic management principles. According to Fayol, outlined functions remain universal to all organizations. He stipulated that all managers have to carry out these described functions in every day working environment. In addition to these, Fayol outlined other fourteen overall management principles. Indicatively, the 14 principles provide normative guidance regarding the manner in which manager may implement the basic five managerial roles in an effective manner (Sapru 2008, p. 33).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is great importance in outlining these basic principles identified by Fayol regarding managerial roles. Particularly, this examination is important during this era of globalization, which has led to a remarkable increase in organizational and business competitivene ss. Fayol describes the basic principles of management. Planning is one of the highlighted roles of management. As Fayol outlines, managers have to conduct basic planning roles. This is applicable for the future conditions. The development of strategic objectives is objectively important for proper organizational performance. This is particularly in order for organizations to secure the accomplishment for the future organizational objectives. Therefore, as Fayol indicates, it is important for all the managers and other organizational leaders to evaluate their potential for future achievements. Future contingencies likely to influence organizations and consequently transform their operational and strategic orientations are important. Consequently, these must be well planned for. Organizing is another critical management role as described by the Fayol’s theory (McLean 2011, p. 32). The organizational leaders have to organize its personnel in an effective way. The streamlining o f organizational activities and other work processes is important for effective performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review Henri Fayol specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, as evidently described by Fayol, a well planned and organized organization leads to adequate and successful performance. Proper organization remains vital even during recruitment processes. For effective performance, the managers have to recruit the right personnel for specific duties. Securing the highly skilled and learned human resource is a vital organization role that must be conducted by the managers. Commanding is another critical management role proposed by the Fayol’s theory. Ideally, current organizations face stiff competition and high employee demand. In order to remain within the competitive organizational and business mainstream, the outlined Fayol’s theories remain largely applicable. Effect ive supervision and motivation of workers is crucial within organizations (Wren Bedeian 2009, p. 56). Evidently, most successful organizations have attributed motivation to their innovation and novelty. Effectively supervised and motivated workforces remains dedicated and compete constructively to accomplish outlined goals and delegated duties. Subordinates must be adequately supervised in their daily work processes. This should be accompanied with their motivation to achieve the organizational goals. Motivation enhances innovation as well as novelty. Adequate communication and feedback mechanisms are vital within an organization. These processes are basically oriented in the command system. They help in the articulation of company goals and policies to all members. This also includes the subordinate staff.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The commanding structure and system utilized by the managers must be in compliance with the inherent company policies. This is important to avoid the instances of confusion or conflict of interest emerging from different factions within the organization (Parker Ritson 2005, p. 188). As notable within the present day organizational management, there must be an outlined command system within all cadres. This management role outlined by Fayol is crucial because it supports the work processes within an organization. Another important management role is coordination. The organizational leaders and managers have to streamline the processes and procedures undertaken within the organization. Basically, the implication is that all the organizational units must be complementary and enriching to the work f one another. The last management role outlined by the Fayol’s principles is the act of control. Various managers must observe control in order to succeed in their respective organiza tional activities (McLean 2011, p. 33). Generally, the organization’s processes and operations must be controlled. This initiative ensures that these processes remain in accordance to the general organizational policies as well as strategic objectives. Various organizational control mechanisms have been presently adopted by various managers in organizations. For instance, monitoring and evaluation remain as critical component of the controlling function of management within all organizational processes. Fayol indicates that it is the obligation of all the relevant managers and leaders to note and report all the cases of deviations. Therefore, this management role requires a keen observation of the plans, objectives and basic missions. Developing corrective initiatives for these deviations include another critical undertaking within the controlling role of management. The application of Fayol’s principles in management practices still remains eminent. The Fayol’s principles are presently applied in various learning institutions to explain the basis of management and organizational administration (Wren 2001, p. 479). In addition, its practice within various successful corporations and organizations is eminent. Observably, these outlined five functions within the theory assume the normative as well as functional approach to management. There have been reiterations that this theory might not comprehensively cover the evident managerial intricacies that most managers are presently encountering in an alarming rate. The failure of these theories to outline or elucidate on how the leaders are supposed to impart motivation as well as innovative performance of their subordinates are important. Observably, although these outlined management roles might be widely applicable, they also have their inherent limitations (Wren 2001, p. 480). For instance, the principles might not comprehensively represent the overall intricacies that managers encounter dur ing their duties. This is, particularly, within the presently globalized and highly competitive organizational environment. However, it is vital to note that these outlined roles described by Fayol’s theory provide a general structure for the diverse functions. These functions are specifically for the managers. The present organizations are in pursuit of more strategic approaches to management and general organizational administration. It is evident that the increasing organizational competitiveness has also imparted significant pressure on employees’ engagement and welfares. Therefore, the available HR has become competitive to hire and maintain. For these reasons, organizations are more skewed towards the utilization of comprehensive approaches to management and practice. In this demand, the Fayol’s principles have increasingly become pertinent and applicable in both management practice and teaching (Wren Bedeian 2009, p. 43). However, due to more complicated management situations, most organizations also apply this principle in combination and synergy with other effective management theories. The interaction of the management with the other staff including the subordinate workers in an effective manner as stated by Fayol is a critical component in organizational success. This is because presently, the employees are regarded as the first fundamental stakeholders within all organizations. This is because they are the sole implementers of organizational policies and objectives. Therefore, their welfare has remained largely profitable and advantageous for organizational performance. Apart from these management roles described by Fayol, it is vital to discuss the basic 14 management principles. Fayol recognized the need for division of labor. He argued on the importance of dividing roles among personalities as well as teams. In the present day, division of labor is widely practiced. This is largely due to its advantages related to the effic iency within organizations. In his arguments, Fayol potentiated the importance of specialization (Sapru 2008, p. 54). The theory presents specialization as the most preferable method of utilizing the workforce within an organization. The proposition has been widely applicable in increasing the responsibility and accountability of individuals to basic roles. Fayol observed the close association between authority as well as responsibility. In his argument, Fayol indicates authority as the competency to provide directives and exact obedience from the followers or subordinates. On the other hand, responsibility entails the act of being accountable. According to Fayol, these two elements closely relate to each other. Any manager with authority has to exercise certain levels of responsibility (Wood Fields 2007, p. 269). The Fayol principles of management also indicate the importance of discipline. Indeed (even presently), it is notable that most successful organizations have to exercise a lot of discipline in order to attain good results. With the era of increasing organizational competiveness, discipline must be given a priority within all organizations. The entire workforce must have a collective focus and determination. Fayol also reiterated on the need for rational discipline of deviant workers within organizations. These concepts are widely applicable within most highly performing organizations presently. Unity in command as well as direction is other important management considerations as indicated by Fayol. There must be a properly defined and communicated protocol of receiving orders. Generally, employees are preferably ordered from one point to another by a specific manager (Parker Ritson 2005, p. 187). In addition, the whole corporation must move to a collective aim and in one direction. These observations help to keep the organization’s activities in the right track. Additionally, they have been applied to prevent the high cases of internal or ex ternal conflicts that have been presently incurred by organizations. The principles examine the conflict of personal and the general organizational interests. Generally, there is an indication that individual interest must never assume priority over other important general interests of the entire organization. The importance of consideration of underlying factors during the remuneration processes is eminent. According to Fayol, diverse factors like the life standards, presence skilled human resource as well as the business environment must be considered. Presently, the increasing life standards and globalization have affected employees’ welfares considerably. As a result, organizations endeavor to apply concerned directives under Fayol’s remuneration principles to enhance their employees’ welfare (Parker Ritson 2005, p. 189). Concurrently, the importance of centralization is discussed in the principles of Fayol. He referred to centralization as the process of l owering the significance of subordinate functions. He observed the importance of decentralization and the performance of the subordinate. Perhaps, this illustration explains the reason behind formation of various line manager units within present organizations. Fayol also noted the importance of scalar chain and its consequent observation within all organizations. In his principle, he denoted that the line or ground managers should be reporting to their immediate supervisors or bosses. This flow of protocol helps in enhancing the communication as well as feedback mechanisms within organizations. Equal treatment of all persons (employees) in an organization is critical. This sentiment has been outlined clearly within the Fayol’s concepts of management. Present organizations have drawn the necessary guiding policies on material use and handling. This directly indicates the critical observation of Fayol’s principles (Pryor Taneja 2010, p. 500). Fayol’s equity prin ciple of management has been widely applicable within present organizations to overt discriminations based on gender, age or race. Managements have presently endeavored to obtain and competitively retain the adequately performing human resources. This reiterates the Fayol’s principle regarding the stability of tenure of the human resource. Work initiative must be motivated by the management in order to enhance organizational performance. ESPIRIT DE CORPS is the last management principle eminent within the Fayol’s concept (Wood Fields 2007, p. 270). According to this principle, the management must motivate peace and inspire workers to stay in a state of good feeling. Generally, it is notable that the Fayol principles on management have been widely applied within present organizations. List of References Brunsson, K 2008, ‘Some Effects of Fayolism’, Int. Studies of Mgt. Org, vol. 38 no. 1, pp. 30-47. McLean, J 2011, ‘Fayol – standing the test of time’, Manager: British Journal of Administrative Management, vol. 74 no. 1, pp. 32-33. Parker, L Ritson, P 2005, ‘Revisiting Fayol: Anticipating Contemporary Management’, British Journal of Management, vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 175-194. Pryor, M Taneja, S 2010, ‘Henri Fayol, practitioner and theoretician revered and reviled’, Journal of Management History, vol. 16 no. 4, pp. 489 – 503. Sapru, R 2008, Administrative theories and management thought, PHI Learning, New Delhi. Wood, S Fields, D 2007, ‘Exploring the impact of shared leadership on management team member job outcomes’, Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 2 no. 3, pp. 251-272. Wren, D Bedeian, G 2009, The evolution of management thought, Wiley Publishing, Hoboken, NJ. Wren, D 2001, ‘Henri Fayol as strategist: a nineteenth century corporate turnaround’, Management Decision, vol. 39 no. 6, pp. 475 – 487.

Assessment of the Camel Cigarette Promotion and the Impact of Medical Doctors in Advertisements by Cigarette Companies

Assessment of the Camel Cigarette Promotion and the Impact of Medical Doctors in Advertisements by Cigarette Companies â€Å"More Doctors Smoke Camels†, But Does it Matter? An Analysis of Camel Cigarette Ads The 1940’s presented a far different version of America then we live in today, smoking was not only a widely accepted pastime, but many people didn’t even consider it a bad habit. While there were a few studies that had linked smoking to bad long-term effects they were few and far between and so, the habit was much more popular at the time. In 1946 the RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company produced a pro-Camel Cigarette Ad that seemed, at first glance, to be nothing more than a typical ad but upon closer examination it became clear that the ad used elements, such as a doctor, to give consumers a subconscious sense that purchasing Camels could actually benefit them somehow – almost as if the doctor were prescribing them Camels. The ad’s aesthetics create a medium where producers have highlighted certain features of their product as â€Å"important† whilst using misleading imagery to further their agenda of selling the product. The highlight of the ad seems to be the doctor, who dominates nearly half of the advertisement; his presence creates a sense of comfort and a false allusion of benefit to purchasing Camel cigarettes. As a typical consumer would you not assume that, â€Å"if doctors think it’s ok, it’s probably ok†? The use of a doctor almost implies that, as is his job, the doctor is prescribing the Camel’s to the consumers viewing the ad. Along with the doctor the ad includes a section that describes the study conducted and it’s results. These results are simple white text on a black background, so they pop, and a pack of camel cigarettes are featured next to the textual blurb, as a means to simultaneously show the consumer what a pack of Camels looks like, and to remind the consumer they are looking at a Camel ad. Lastly, in what seems to be an effort to broaden their market, the ad includes a female who references her â€Å"T-Zone†, a makeup term that is aptly reapplied to suit the producers need to sell cigarettes, but still has ties to the doctor and how he may influence women in their purchasing of cigarettes. Overall the ad uses very basic methods to appeal to those who don’t plan on further analyzing the ad and its content. The doctor used in the Camel cigarettes ad seems to communicate a sense of comfort and lull the average consumer into a state of ease, as most people would believe that what a doctor claimed to be true was true. Visually the doctor in the ad is what one would describe as the â€Å"typical wise man†. He’s old, as notable by his old, wrinkled appearance, and his greying hair. His age would imply he’s been a doctor for a significant period of time and not a newcomer to the field, and this, would further indicate that his opinion is based on years of experience, which ads further validity to what he is saying. Comparatively, the doctor is drawn in a much more detailed manor than the other character, the woman, featured on the ad as is expected due to the fact that he is the true focal point of said ad. His wrinkles are defined and his skin has a much more natural gradient – again, adding to the overall notion that this doctor and the fact that he is an experie nced doctor, are part of marketing these cigarettes. On top of visually portraying the doctor as a wise and astute man, the text bubble that accompanies the doctor refers to doctors as, â€Å"one of the busiest men in town† and â€Å"a scientist, diplomat, and friendly sympathetic human being†, each of which carry positions of influential power towards the consumer. A scientist’s opinion might be trusted when possible effects of the cigarette are being debated, a diplomat when logistics and cigarette sales are being debated, and a sympathetic human being’s when one is simply looking for a friends advice. The ad uses the doctor as a means to create someone that the typical consumer can trust, sympathize with, and believe, in doing so they also create the ideal person or people to market their Camel cigarettes. In terms of marketing for the specific brand of cigarettes, Camels, the ad places them in a variety of eye-catching places to draw, what one would assume to be, the first glance of the consumer. One cigarette sits in the doctor’s hand, and although it isn’t marked as a Camel cigarette it is still drawn to stand off of the background. Despite the fact that the doctor is wearing a white coat, the contrast between the white cigarette and the coat is still quite high, as to further highlight the cigarette. The name â€Å"Camel† is once again mentioned in large font below the image of the doctor in the tagline, â€Å"More Doctors Smoke Camels Than Any Other Cigarette†, not only does the tagline further support the claim that doctors are being used to persuade buyers to purchase cigarettes – note the bolded â€Å"M.D.† But it also shows that the Camels, although the product being sold, are secondary to the message. After appearing several times in the text blurb at the bottom of the ad the â€Å"Camel† cigarettes again pop up in the form of an image next to the aforesaid blurb. Yet again the cigarettes – now specially marked as Camel – stand out against the white background they are set on, despite the fact that they to are white cigarettes. As a whole, the ad highlights the cigarettes, specifically camels, as something good and worthwhile that a doctor might prescribe with his thoughtful and informed opinion. In an effort to broaden their market the ad includes another â€Å"mini-ad† in the bottom right corner. The mini-ad features a woman holding a cigarette – that once again is highlighted from both her and her background – to market the cigarettes to other women. â€Å"Your T-Zone Will Tell You/T for Taste/T for Throat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is how the ad goes about expanding its influence with the T-Zone referencing a commonly used term when amongst women who frequently use makeup. However, unlike the makeup T-Zone, the ad moves the T-Zone downward to include the mouth and the throat in an effort to associate women as a whole with smoking and not correct application of makeup. Although it may seem disconnected at first, the mini-ads reinforcement of the fact that Camel’s won’t affect your throat is something a doctor would back, furthering the notion that the doctor, although not highlighted in this sector of the ad, plays an integral role in why Camelâ€⠄¢s are the best cigarettes to smoke. This Camel cigarette ad falsely uses the pedestal many place doctors and their opinions on as a means to promote their cigarettes to a larger audience. Seeing as the ad is from 1946 it’s consequences are already known to the world we live in today, we now know that smoking causes a plethora of issues in ones later life and cigarette smoking is far from a commonly accepted pastime. In terms of the this specific Camel cigarettes ad and how it may have played a role in changing society it would seem that, due to their misperception, many people were duped not only into buying cigarettes, but specially Camel cigarettes. With this notion in mind one could also adopt the idea that those who purchased the Camel’s on the â€Å"doctors orders† may have eventually developed a mistrust in doctors due to the repercussions of smoking. The RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company’s Camel cigarette ad uses doctors, their trustworthy nature, and their position of power amongst the average consumer to market their Camel cigarettes as the best on the market. The ad, produced in the 1940’s, uses the already widely recognized pastime of smoking cigarettes, and the extensively accepted notion that people trust doctors, particularly those with experience, to market and sell their cigarettes as the best on the coattails of a doctor-like prescription.

Diabetes in the Young Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diabetes in the Young - Research Paper Example Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Research of type 2 diabetes in the young adults and children continues to provide insightful information about the pathophysiology of the disease. Qualified researchers attribute susceptibility to the disease to both genetic and environmental factors (Eppens & Craig, 2006). Inherited genes might predispose an individual to a combination of failure of beta-cell secretion and insensitivity to insulin produced (Eppens & Craig, 2006). This means that individuals with a history of this disease have increased chances of contracting it compared to individuals with no record of type 2 diabetes in their family. 45-80% of these children have a parent suffering from type 2 diabetes. 74-90% of the reported children cases show that they have the 1st or 2nd degree relative suffering from the disease (Eppens & Craig, 2006). Some researchers might also argue that women have a higher chance of contracting the disease than men (Eppens & Craig, 2006). Other genetic fa ctors that increase the person’s susceptibility to the disease are intrauterine exposure to diabetes, puberty, low birth-weight, and ethnicity (Eppens & Craig, 2006). ... For example, the continuous advancement in the technology industry induces laziness among the young adults and children, who would rather engage themselves in computer games indoors instead of riding a bicycle outside. As a result, the levels of obesity among the young have skyrocketed over the years, increasing their chances of developing type 2 diabetes (Kaufman, 2002). Obesity affects the body by overworking all the organs. In addition, the high cholesterol levels also clog up the blood vessels, causing a disruption in the supply of essential enzymes and nutrients in the body (Kaufman, 2002). Brief literature review focusing on current research The American Pediatric Board described type 2 diabetes as the new epidemic affecting the pediatric population. The incidence and prevalence rates have increased by 33% between 1990 and 2000 (Kaufman, 2002). Research shows that the disease accounted for 16% of new pediatric diabetes recorded in the urban areas in 1992, and by 1999 the record s showed up to 8- 45 % increase in new cases as per the geographic location (Kaufman, 2002). Further research reveals that ethnicity plays a crucial role in the susceptibility patterns of the disease. Mainly people of African-American, Native-American, Asian-American, and Mexican-American descent suffer from type 2 diabetes. For example, African-American children represent 70-75% of new pediatric patients of type 2 diabetes in Ohio and Arkansas (Kaufman, 2002). Very limited information is available about effective evidence-based treatment. However, National Institute of Health has recently disbursed funding to a multicenter consortium charged with the responsibility of determining the outcomes of the different treatment regimens